urn: urn:intuitem:risk:library:anssi-guide-hygiene
locale: fr
ref_id: ANSSI-GUIDE-HYGIENE
name: "ANSSI - Guide d'hygi\xE8ne informatique"
description: "Renforcer la s\xE9curit\xE9 de son syst\xE8me d\u2019information en\
  \ 42 mesures\n https://cyber.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/2017/01/guide_hygiene_informatique_anssi.pdf"
copyright: Licence Ouverte/Open Licence (Etalab - V1)
version: 2
publication_date: 2024-04-18
provider: ANSSI
packager: intuitem
translations:
  en:
    name: Guideline for a healthy information system
    description: 'Strengthen Information System Security in 42 Measures

      https://cyber.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/2013/01/guideline-for-a-healthy-information-system-in-42-measures_v2.pdf'
objects:
  framework:
    urn: urn:intuitem:risk:framework:anssi-guide-hygiene
    ref_id: ANSSI-GUIDE-HYGIENE
    name: "ANSSI - Guide d'hygi\xE8ne informatique"
    description: "Renforcer la s\xE9curit\xE9 de son syst\xE8me d\u2019information\
      \ en 42 mesures"
    translations:
      en:
        name: Guideline for a healthy information system
        description: 'Strengthen Information System Security in 42 Measures

          https://cyber.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/2013/01/guideline-for-a-healthy-information-system-in-42-measures_v2.pdf'
    implementation_groups_definition:
    - ref_id: S
      name: standard
      description: null
      translations:
        en:
          name: standard
          description: null
    - ref_id: R
      name: "renforc\xE9"
      description: null
      translations:
        en:
          name: strengthened
          description: null
    requirement_nodes:
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:i
      assessable: false
      depth: 1
      ref_id: I
      name: Sensibiliser et former
      translations:
        en:
          name: Raise awareness and train
          description: null
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:1
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:i
      ref_id: '1'
      name: "Former les \xE9quipes op\xE9rationnelles \xE0 la s\xE9curit\xE9 des syst\xE8\
        mes d\u2019information"
      description: "Les \xE9quipes op\xE9rationnelles (administrateurs r\xE9seau,\
        \ s\xE9curit\xE9 et syst\xE8me, chefs de projet, d\xE9veloppeurs, RSSI) ont\
        \ des acc\xE8s privil\xE9gi\xE9s au syst\xE8me d\u2019information. Elles peuvent,\
        \ par inadvertance ou par m\xE9connaissance des cons\xE9quences de certaines\
        \ pratiques, r\xE9aliser des op\xE9rations g\xE9n\xE9ratrices de vuln\xE9\
        rabilit\xE9s.\nCitons par exemple l\u2019affectation de comptes disposant\
        \ de trop nombreux privil\xE8ges par rapport \xE0 la t\xE2che \xE0 r\xE9aliser,\
        \ l\u2019utilisation de comptes personnels pour ex\xE9cuter des services ou\
        \ t\xE2ches p\xE9riodiques, ou encore le choix de mots de passe peu robustes\
        \ donnant acc\xE8s \xE0 des comptes privil\xE9gi\xE9s.\nLes \xE9quipes op\xE9\
        rationnelles, pour \xEAtre \xE0 l\u2019\xE9tat de l\u2019art de la s\xE9curit\xE9\
        \ des syst\xE8mes d\u2019information, doivent donc suivre - \xE0 leur prise\
        \ de poste puis \xE0 intervalles r\xE9guliers - des formations sur :\n> la\
        \ l\xE9gislation en vigueur ;\n> les principaux risques et menaces ;\n> le\
        \ maintien en condition de s\xE9curit\xE9 ;\n> l\u2019authentification et\
        \ le contr\xF4le d\u2019acc\xE8s ;\n> le param\xE9trage fin et le durcissement\
        \ des syst\xE8mes ; > le cloisonnement r\xE9seau ; > et la journalisation.\
        \ \nCette liste doit \xEAtre pr\xE9cis\xE9e selon le m\xE9tier des collaborateurs\
        \ en consid\xE9rant des aspects tels que l\u2019int\xE9gration de la s\xE9\
        curit\xE9 pour les chefs de projet, le d\xE9veloppement s\xE9curis\xE9 pour\
        \ les d\xE9veloppeurs, les r\xE9f\xE9rentiels de s\xE9curit\xE9 pour les RSSI,\
        \ etc. \nIl est par ailleurs n\xE9cessaire de faire mention de clauses sp\xE9\
        cifiques dans les contrats de prestation pour garantir une formation r\xE9\
        guli\xE8re \xE0 la s\xE9curit\xE9 des syst\xE8mes d\u2019information du personnel\
        \ externe et notamment les infog\xE9rants."
      implementation_groups:
      - S
      translations:
        en:
          name: Train the operational teams in information system security
          description: "The operational teams (network, security and system administrators,\
            \ project managers, developers, chief information security officer (CISO))\
            \ have special access to the information system. They can, inadvertently\
            \ or through not understanding the consequences of certain practices,\
            \ carry out operations creating vulnerabilities.\nWe can cite for example,\
            \ granting accounts with too many privileges in relation to the task to\
            \ be carried out, the use of personal accounts to carry out services or\
            \ periodical tasks, or even choosing passwords that are not sufficiently\
            \ robust granting access to privileged accounts.\nThe operational teams,\
            \ to comply with information system security accepted practice, must therefore\
            \ undertake - upon taking on their role and, subsequently, at regular\
            \ intervals - training on:\n> the legislation in effect;\n> the main risks\
            \ and threats;\n> security maintenance;\n> authentication and access control;\n\
            > the detailed configuration and hardening of systems;\n> network partitioning;\n\
            > and logging.\nThis list must be specified according to the employee\u2019\
            s job , considering aspects such as security integration for project managers,\
            \ secure development for developers, the security reference documents\
            \ for ISSMs, etc.\nMoreover, it is necessary to mention specific clauses\
            \ in service agreements in order to guarantee regular training in information\
            \ system security for external staff and especially outsourcers."
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:2
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:i
      ref_id: '2'
      name: "Sensibiliser les utilisateurs aux bonnes pratiques \xE9l\xE9mentaires\
        \ de s\xE9curit\xE9 informatique"
      description: "Chaque utilisateur est un maillon \xE0 part enti\xE8re de la cha\xEE\
        ne des syst\xE8mes d\u2019information. \xC0 ce titre et d\xE8s son arriv\xE9\
        e dans  l\u2019entit\xE9, il doit \xEAtre inform\xE9 des enjeux de s\xE9curit\xE9\
        , des r\xE8gles \xE0 respecter et des bons comportements \xE0 adopter en mati\xE8\
        re de s\xE9curit\xE9 des syst\xE8mes d\u2019information \xE0 travers des actions\
        \ de sensibilisation et de formation.\nCes derni\xE8res doivent \xEAtre r\xE9\
        guli\xE8res, adapt\xE9es aux utilisateurs cibl\xE9s, peuvent prendre diff\xE9\
        rentes formes (mails, affichage, r\xE9unions, espace intranet d\xE9di\xE9\
        , etc.) et aborder au minimum les sujets suivants :\n> les objectifs et enjeux\
        \ que rencontre l\u2019entit\xE9 en mati\xE8re de s\xE9curit\xE9 des syst\xE8\
        mes d\u2019information ;\n> les informations consid\xE9r\xE9es comme sensibles\
        \ ;\n> les r\xE9glementations et obligations l\xE9gales ;\n> les r\xE8gles\
        \ et consignes de s\xE9curit\xE9 r\xE9gissant l\u2019activit\xE9 quotidienne\
        \ : respect de la politique de s\xE9curit\xE9, non-connexion d\u2019\xE9quipements\
        \ personnels au r\xE9seau de l\u2019entit\xE9, non-divulgation de mots de\
        \ passe \xE0 un tiers, non-r\xE9utilisation de mots de passe professionnels\
        \ dans la sph\xE8re priv\xE9e et inversement, signalement d\u2019\xE9v\xE9\
        nements suspects, etc. ;\n> les moyens disponibles et participant \xE0 la\
        \ s\xE9curit\xE9 du syst\xE8me : verrouillage syst\xE9matique de la session\
        \ lorsque l\u2019utilisateur quitte son poste, outil de protection des mots\
        \ de passe, etc. "
      implementation_groups:
      - S
      translations:
        en:
          name: "Raise users\u2019 awareness about basic information security"
          description: 'Each user is a part of the information system chain. To this
            end, as he enters the organization, he must be informed of the security
            stakes, the rules to

            respect and the proper behaviour to adopt in terms of information system
            security by awareness raising and training actions.

            These actions must be regular and adapted to the users targeted. It may
            take different forms (emails, displays, meetings, dedicated intranet space,
            etc.) and, as a minimum, deal with the following issues:

            > the objectives and stakes that the organization encounters in terms
            of information system security;

            > the information considered as sensitive;

            > the regulations and legal obligations;

            > the rules and security instructions governing daily activity: adhering
            to the security policy, not connecting personal devices to the network
            of the

            organization, not divulging passwords to a third party, not reusing professional
            passwords in the private sphere or the other way round, reporting suspicious
            events, etc.;

            > the means available and involved in computer security: systematically
            locking the session when the user leaves his device, password protection
            tool, etc.'
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:2.r
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:i
      ref_id: 2.R
      name: "Sensibiliser les utilisateurs aux bonnes pratiques \xE9l\xE9mentaires\
        \ de s\xE9curit\xE9 informatique (renforc\xE9)"
      description: "Pour renforcer ces mesures, l\u2019\xE9laboration et la signature\
        \ d\u2019une charte des moyens informatiques pr\xE9cisant les r\xE8gles et\
        \ consignes que doivent respecter les utilisateurs peut \xEAtre envisag\xE9\
        e."
      implementation_groups:
      - R
      translations:
        en:
          name: "Raise users\u2019 awareness about basic information security (strengthened)"
          description: To strengthen these measures, the creation and signature of
            an IT resource charter specifying the rules and instructions that must
            be adhered to by users may be considered.
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:3
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:i
      ref_id: '3'
      name: "Ma\xEEtriser les risques de l\u2019infog\xE9rance"
      description: "Lorsqu\u2019une entit\xE9 souhaite externaliser son syst\xE8me\
        \ d\u2019information ou ses donn\xE9es, elle doit en amont \xE9valuer les\
        \ risques sp\xE9cifiques \xE0 l\u2019infog\xE9rance (ma\xEEtrise du syst\xE8\
        me d\u2019information, actions \xE0 distance, h\xE9bergement mutualis\xE9\
        , etc.) afin de prendre en compte, d\xE8s la r\xE9daction des exigences applicables\
        \ au futur prestataire, les besoins et mesures de s\xE9curit\xE9 adapt\xE9\
        s. \nLes risques SSI inh\xE9rents \xE0 ce type de d\xE9marche peuvent \xEA\
        tre li\xE9s au contexte de  l\u2019op\xE9ration d\u2019externalisation mais\
        \ aussi \xE0 des sp\xE9cifications contractuelles d\xE9ficientes ou incompl\xE8\
        tes.\nEn faveur du bon d\xE9roulement des op\xE9rations, il s\u2019agit donc\
        \ :\n> d\u2019\xE9tudier attentivement les conditions des offres, la possibilit\xE9\
        \ de les adapter \xE0 des besoins sp\xE9cifiques et les limites de responsabilit\xE9\
        \ du prestataire ;\n> d\u2019imposer une liste d\u2019exigences pr\xE9cises\
        \ au prestataire : r\xE9versibilit\xE9 du contrat, r\xE9alisation d\u2019\
        audits, sauvegarde et restitution des donn\xE9es dans un format ouvert normalis\xE9\
        , maintien \xE0 niveau de la s\xE9curit\xE9 dans le temps, etc.\nPour formaliser\
        \ ces engagements, le prestataire fournira au commanditaire un plan d\u2019\
        assurance s\xE9curit\xE9 (PAS)  pr\xE9vu par l\u2019appel d\u2019offre. Il\
        \ s\u2019agit d\u2019un document contractuel d\xE9crivant l\u2019ensemble\
        \ des dispositions sp\xE9cifiques que les candidats s\u2019engagent \xE0 mettre\
        \ en \u0153uvre pour garantir le respect des exigences de s\xE9curit\xE9 sp\xE9\
        cifi\xE9es par l\u2019entit\xE9.\nLe recours \xE0 des solutions ou outils\
        \ non ma\xEEtris\xE9s (par exemple h\xE9berg\xE9s dans le nuage) n\u2019est\
        \ pas ici consid\xE9r\xE9 comme \xE9tant du ressort de l\u2019infog\xE9rance\
        \ et par ailleurs d\xE9conseill\xE9 en cas de traitement d\u2019informations\
        \ sensibles."
      implementation_groups:
      - S
      translations:
        en:
          name: Control outsourced services
          description: "When an organization wants to outsource its information system\
            \ or data, it must assess, in advance, the risks specific to outsourced\
            \ services (controlling the information system, remote actions, shared\
            \ hosting, etc.) in order to take into account the needs ans suitable\
            \ security measures when creating the requirements applicable to the future\
            \ service provider.\nThe information security system risks inherent in\
            \ this type of approach may be linked to the context of the outsourcing\
            \ operation, but also deficient or\nincomplete contractual specifications.\n\
            Therefore, in order to run smoothly the operations, it is important to:\n\
            > carefully study the offers\u2019 conditions, the option of adapting\
            \ them to the specific needs and the limits of the service provider\u2019\
            s responsibility;\n> impose a list of specific requirements on the service\
            \ provider: contract reversibility, the carrying out of audits, backup\
            \ and data recovery in a\n> standardised open format, security maintenance\
            \ over time, etc.\nTo formalise these commitments, the service provider\
            \ will provide the customer with a security insurance plan detailed in\
            \ the bid. This is a contractual\ndocument describing all of the specific\
            \ measures that the applicants commit to implementing in order to guarantee\
            \ the security requirements specified\nby the organization are met.\n\
            The use of digital solutions or tools (hosted in the Cloud for example)\
            \ is not considered here as it comes under the area of managed services\
            \ and, moreover, is not advisable when processing sensitive data."
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:ii
      assessable: false
      depth: 1
      ref_id: II
      name: "Conna\xEEtre le syst\xE8me d'information"
      translations:
        en:
          name: Know the Information System
          description: null
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:4
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:ii
      ref_id: '4'
      name: " Identifier les informations et serveurs les plus sensibles et maintenir\
        \ un sch\xE9ma du r\xE9seau"
      description: "Chaque entit\xE9 poss\xE8de des donn\xE9es sensibles. Ces derni\xE8\
        res peuvent porter sur son activit\xE9 propre (propri\xE9t\xE9 intellectuelle,\
        \ savoir-faire, etc.) ou sur ses clients, administr\xE9s ou usagers (donn\xE9\
        es personnelles, contrats, etc.). Afin de pouvoir les prot\xE9ger efficacement,\
        \ il est indispensable de les identifier.\n\xC0 partir de cette liste de donn\xE9\
        es sensibles, il sera possible de d\xE9terminer sur quels composants du syst\xE8\
        me d\u2019information elles se localisent (bases de donn\xE9es, partages de\
        \ fichiers, postes de travail, etc.). Ces composants correspondent aux serveurs\
        \ et postes critiques pour l\u2019entit\xE9. \xC0 ce titre, ils devront faire\
        \ l\u2019objet de mesures de s\xE9curit\xE9 sp\xE9cifiques pouvant porter\
        \ sur la sauvegarde, la journalisation, les acc\xE8s, etc.\nIl s\u2019agit\
        \ donc de cr\xE9er et de maintenir \xE0 jour un sch\xE9ma simplifi\xE9 du\
        \ r\xE9seau (ou cartographie) repr\xE9sentant les diff\xE9rentes zones IP\
        \ et le plan d\u2019adressage associ\xE9, les \xE9quipements de routage et\
        \ de s\xE9curit\xE9 (pare-feu, relais applicatifs, etc.) et les interconnexions\
        \ avec l\u2019ext\xE9rieur (Internet, r\xE9seaux priv\xE9s, etc.) et les partenaires.\
        \ Ce sch\xE9ma doit \xE9galement permettre de localiser les serveurs d\xE9\
        tenteurs d\u2019informations sensibles de l\u2019entit\xE9."
      implementation_groups:
      - S
      translations:
        en:
          name: Identify the most sensitive information and servers and maintain a
            network diagram
          description: "Each organization has sensitive data. This data can be on\
            \ its own activity (intellectual property, expertise, etc.) or its customers,\
            \ individuals or users\n(personal data, contracts, etc.). In order to\
            \ effectively protect your data, identifying it is essential.\nFrom this\
            \ list of sensitive data, it will be possible to determine in which areas\
            \ of the information system it is located (databases, file sharing, workstations,\n\
            etc.). These components correspond to the servers and critical devices\
            \ of the organization. To this end, they must be subject to specific security\
            \ measures that may concern backup, logging, access, etc.\nTherefore,\
            \ this involves creating and maintaining a simplified network diagram\
            \ (or mapping) representing the different IP areas and the associated\n\
            addressing plan, the routing and security devices (firewall, application\
            \ relays, etc.) and the networks with the outside (Internet, private networks,\
            \ etc.) and\npartners. This diagram must also be able to locate the servers\
            \ holding the entity\u2019s sensitive information."
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:5
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:ii
      ref_id: '5'
      name: "Disposer d\u2019un inventaire exhaustif des comptes privil\xE9gi\xE9\
        s et le maintenir \xE0 jour"
      description: "Les comptes b\xE9n\xE9ficiant de droits sp\xE9cifiques sont des\
        \ cibles privil\xE9gi\xE9es par les attaquants qui souhaitent obtenir un acc\xE8\
        s le plus large possible au syst\xE8me d\u2019information. Ils doivent donc\
        \ faire l\u2019objet d\u2019une attention toute particuli\xE8re. Il s\u2019\
        agit pour cela d\u2019effectuer un inventaire de ces comptes, de le mettre\
        \ \xE0 jour r\xE9guli\xE8rement et d\u2019y renseigner les informations suivantes\
        \ :\n> les utilisateurs ayant un compte administrateur ou des droits sup\xE9\
        rieurs \xE0 ceux d\u2019un utilisateur standard sur le syst\xE8me d\u2019\
        information ;\n> les utilisateurs disposant de suffisamment de droits pour\
        \ acc\xE9der aux r\xE9pertoires de travail des responsables ou de l\u2019\
        ensemble des utilisateurs ;\n> les utilisateurs utilisant un poste non administr\xE9\
        \ par le service informatique et qui ne fait pas l\u2019objet de mesures de\
        \ s\xE9curit\xE9 \xE9dict\xE9es par la politique de s\xE9curit\xE9 g\xE9n\xE9\
        rale de l\u2019entit\xE9. \nIl est fortement recommand\xE9 de proc\xE9der\
        \ \xE0 une revue p\xE9riodique de ces comptes afin de s\u2019assurer que les\
        \ acc\xE8s aux \xE9l\xE9ments sensibles (notamment les r\xE9pertoires de travail\
        \ et la messagerie \xE9lectronique des responsables) soient maitris\xE9s.\
        \ Ces revues permettront \xE9galement de supprimer les acc\xE8s devenus obsol\xE8\
        tes suite au d\xE9part d\u2019un utilisateur par exemple. \nEnfin, il est\
        \ souhaitable de d\xE9finir et d\u2019utiliser une nomenclature simple et\
        \ claire pour identifier les comptes de services et les comptes d\u2019administration.\
        \ \nCela facilitera notamment leur revue et la d\xE9tection d\u2019intrusion."
      implementation_groups:
      - S
      translations:
        en:
          name: Have an exhaustive inventory of privileged accounts and keep it updated
          description: 'Accounts benefiting from specific permissions are preferred
            targets for the attackers who want to obtain as wide an access as possible
            to the information system. They must therefore be subject to very specific
            attention. This

            involves carrying out an inventory of these accounts, updating it regularly
            and entering the following informations into it:

            > users with an administrator account or higher rights than those of a
            standard user in the information system;

            > users with rights enough to access the work folders of top managers
            or all users;

            > users using an unmanaged workstation which is not subject to the security
            measures detailed in the general security policy of the organization.

            Carrying out a periodical review of these accounts is strongly recommended
            in order to ensure that the accesses to sensitive items (notably the work
            folders and electronic mailboxes of top managers) are controlled. These
            reviews will also be the opportunity to remove access rights that have
            become obsolete following the departure of a user, for example.

            Lastly, defining and using a simple, clear nomenclature to identify system
            accounts and administration accounts is desirable. This will make review
            and intrusion detection easier.'
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:6
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:ii
      ref_id: '6'
      name: " Organiser les proc\xE9dures d\u2019arriv\xE9e, de d\xE9part et de changement\
        \ de fonction des utilisateurs"
      description: "Les effectifs d\u2019une entit\xE9, qu\u2019elle soit publique\
        \ ou priv\xE9e, \xE9voluent sans cesse : arriv\xE9es, d\xE9parts, mobilit\xE9\
        \ interne. Il est par cons\xE9quent n\xE9cessaire que les droits et les acc\xE8\
        s au syst\xE8me d\u2019information soient mis \xE0 jour en fonction de ces\
        \ \xE9volutions. Il est notamment essentiel que l\u2019ensemble des droits\
        \ affect\xE9s \xE0 une personne soient r\xE9voqu\xE9s lors de son d\xE9part\
        \ ou en cas de changement de fonction. Les proc\xE9dures d\u2019arriv\xE9\
        e et de d\xE9part doivent donc \xEAtre d\xE9finies, en lien avec la fonction\
        \ ressources humaines. Elles doivent au minimum prendre en compte :\n> la\
        \ cr\xE9ation et la suppression des comptes informatiques et bo\xEEtes aux\
        \ lettres associ\xE9es ;\n> les droits et acc\xE8s \xE0 attribuer et retirer\
        \ \xE0 une personne dont la fonction change ;\n> la gestion des acc\xE8s physiques\
        \ aux locaux (attribution, restitution des badges et des cl\xE9s, etc.) ;\n\
        > l\u2019affectation des \xE9quipements mobiles (ordinateur portable, cl\xE9\
        \ USB, disque dur, ordiphone, etc.) ;\n> la gestion des documents et informations\
        \ sensibles (transfert de mots de passe, changement des mots de passe ou des\
        \ codes sur les syst\xE8mes existants)."
      implementation_groups:
      - S
      translations:
        en:
          name: Organise the procedures relating to users joining, departing and changing
            positions
          description: 'The staff of an organization, whether public or private, is
            constantly changing: arrivals, departures, internal mobility. Therefore
            it is necessary to update

            the rights and accesses to the information system in accordance with these
            developments. It is essential that all of the rights granted to an individual
            are revoked when he or she leaves or changes position. The arrival and
            departure procedures must therefore be defined, in accordance with the
            human resources department. They must, as a minimum, take into account:

            > the creation and deletion of IT accounts and their corresponding mailboxes;

            > the rights and accesses to grant to, or remove from, an individual whose
            role changes;

            > the management of physical accesses to premises (granting and return
            of badges and keys, etc.);

            > the allocation of mobile devices (laptops, USB sticks, hard drives,
            smartphone, etc.);

            > the management of sensitive documents and information (transferring
            passwords, changing passwords or codes in existing systems).'
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:6.r
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:ii
      ref_id: 6.R
      name: " Organiser les proc\xE9dures d\u2019arriv\xE9e, de d\xE9part et de changement\
        \ de fonction des utilisateurs (renforc\xE9)"
      description: "Les proc\xE9dures doivent \xEAtre formalis\xE9es et mises \xE0\
        \ jour en fonction du contexte."
      implementation_groups:
      - R
      translations:
        en:
          name: Organise the procedures relating to users joining, departing and changing
            positions (strengthened)
          description: The procedures must be formalised and updated according to
            the context.
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:7
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:ii
      ref_id: '7'
      name: "Autoriser la connexion au r\xE9seau de l\u2019entit\xE9 aux seuls \xE9\
        quipements ma\xEEtris\xE9s"
      description: "Pour garantir la s\xE9curit\xE9 de son syst\xE8me d\u2019information,\
        \ l\u2019entit\xE9 doit ma\xEEtriser les \xE9quipements qui s\u2019y connectent,\
        \ chacun constituant un point d\u2019entr\xE9e potentiellement vuln\xE9rable.\
        \ Les \xE9quipements personnels (ordinateurs portables, tablettes, ordiphones,\
        \ etc.) sont, par d\xE9finition, difficilement ma\xEEtrisables dans la mesure\
        \ o\xF9 ce sont les utilisateurs qui d\xE9cident de leur niveau de s\xE9curit\xE9\
        . De la m\xEAme mani\xE8re, la s\xE9curit\xE9 des \xE9quipements dont sont\
        \ dot\xE9s les visiteurs \xE9chappe \xE0 tout contr\xF4le de l\u2019entit\xE9\
        .\nSeule la connexion de terminaux ma\xEEtris\xE9s par l\u2019entit\xE9 doit\
        \ \xEAtre autoris\xE9e sur ses diff\xE9rents r\xE9seaux d\u2019acc\xE8s, qu\u2019\
        ils soient filaire ou sans fil. Cette recommandation, avant tout d\u2019ordre\
        \ organisationnel, est souvent per\xE7ue comme inacceptable ou r\xE9trograde.\
        \ Cependant, y d\xE9roger fragilise le r\xE9seau de l\u2019entit\xE9 et sert\
        \ ainsi les int\xE9r\xEAts d\u2019un potentiel attaquant.\nLa sensibilisation\
        \ des utilisateurs doit donc s\u2019accompagner de solutions pragmatiques\
        \ r\xE9pondant \xE0 leurs besoins. Citons par exemple la mise \xE0 disposition\
        \ d\u2019un r\xE9seau Wi-Fi avec SSID d\xE9di\xE9 pour les terminaux personnels\
        \ ou visiteurs."
      implementation_groups:
      - S
      translations:
        en:
          name: Only allow controlled devices to connect to the network of the organization
          description: "To guarantee the security of the information system, the organization\
            \ must control the devices which connect to it, each one being a potentially\
            \ vulnerable entry point. Personal devices (laptops, tablets, smartphones,\
            \ etc.) are, by definition, difficult to control since it is the users\
            \ who decide on their level of security. In the same way, the security\
            \ of visitors\u2019 devices is completely out of the organization\u2019\
            s control.\nOnly the connection with terminals managed by the entity must\
            \ be authorised over its different access networks, whether wired or wireless.\
            \ This recommendation, above all of an organisational nature, is often\
            \ perceived as unacceptable and even retrograde. However, unless this\
            \ is adhered to, the task of a hacker is made very much easier by making\
            \ an organization\u2019s network vulnerable.\nRaising users\u2019 awareness\
            \ must therefore be accompanied by pragmatic solutions responding to their\
            \ needs. For example, the provision of a Wi-Fi network with dedicated\
            \ SSID for personal and visitor devices"
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:7.r
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:ii
      ref_id: 7.R
      name: "Autoriser la connexion au r\xE9seau de l\u2019entit\xE9 aux seuls \xE9\
        quipements ma\xEEtris\xE9s (renforc\xE9)"
      description: "Ces am\xE9nagements peuvent \xEAtre compl\xE9t\xE9s par des mesures\
        \ techniques telles que l\u2019authentification des postes sur le r\xE9seau\
        \ (par exemple \xE0 l\u2019aide du standard 802.1X ou d\u2019un \xE9quivalent)."
      implementation_groups:
      - R
      translations:
        en:
          name: Only allow controlled devices to connect to the network of the organization
            (strengthened)
          description: These developments can be supplemented by technical measures
            such as the authentication of devices on the network (for example thanks
            to 802.1X standard or an equivalent).
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:iii
      assessable: false
      depth: 1
      ref_id: III
      name: "Authentifier et contr\xF4ler les acc\xE8s"
      translations:
        en:
          name: Authenticate and control accesses
          description: null
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:8
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:iii
      ref_id: '8'
      name: "Identifier nomm\xE9ment chaque personne acc\xE9dant au syst\xE8me et\
        \ distinguer les r\xF4les utilisateur/administrateur"
      description: "Afin de faciliter l\u2019attribution d\u2019une action sur le\
        \ syst\xE8me d\u2019information en cas d\u2019incident ou d\u2019identifier\
        \ d\u2019\xE9ventuels comptes compromis, les comptes d\u2019acc\xE8s doivent\
        \ \xEAtre nominatifs.\nL\u2019utilisation de comptes g\xE9n\xE9riques (ex\
        \ : admin, user) doit \xEAtre marginale et ceuxci doivent pouvoir \xEAtre\
        \ rattach\xE9s \xE0 un nombre limit\xE9 de personnes physiques.\nBien entendu,\
        \ cette r\xE8gle n\u2019interdit pas le maintien de comptes de service, rattach\xE9\
        s \xE0 un processus informatique (ex : apache, mysqld).\nDans tous les cas,\
        \ les comptes g\xE9n\xE9riques et de service doivent \xEAtre g\xE9r\xE9s selon\
        \ une politique au moins aussi stricte que celle des comptes nominatifs. Par\
        \ ailleurs, un compte d\u2019administration nominatif, distinct du compte\
        \ utilisateur, doit \xEAtre attribu\xE9 \xE0 chaque administrateur. Les identifiants\
        \ et secrets d\u2019authentification doivent \xEAtre diff\xE9rents (ex : pmartin\
        \ comme identifiant utilisateur, adm-pmartin comme identifiant administrateur).\
        \ Ce compte d\u2019administration, disposant de plus de privil\xE8ges, doit\
        \ \xEAtre d\xE9di\xE9 exclusivement aux actions d\u2019administration. De\
        \ plus, il doit \xEAtre utilis\xE9 sur des environnements d\xE9di\xE9s \xE0\
        \ l\u2019administration afin de ne pas laisser de traces de connexion ni de\
        \ condensat de mot de passe sur un environnement plus expos\xE9."
      implementation_groups:
      - S
      translations:
        en:
          name: Identify each individual accessing the system by name and distinguish
            the user/administrator roles
          description: 'In the event of an incident, in order to facilitate the attribution
            of an action within the information system or the identification of possible
            compromised accounts easier, access accounts must be nominative.

            The use of generic accounts (e.g : admin, user) must be marginal and they
            must be able to be associated with a limited number of individuals.

            Of course, this rule does not stop you from retaining service accounts
            attributed to an IT process (e.g : apache, mysqld).

            In any event, generic and service accounts must be managed according to
            a policy that is at least as stringent as the one for nominative accounts.
            Moreover, a nominative administration account, different from the user
            account, must be attributed to each administrator. The usernames and authentication
            secrets must be different (e.g : pmartin as a username, adm-pmartin as
            an admin username). This admin account, having more privileges, must be
            exclusively dedicated to administration actions. Furthermore, it must
            be used in environments dedicated to administration in order that no connection
            traces or password hashes are left in a more exposed environment.'
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:8.r
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:iii
      ref_id: 8.R
      name: "Identifier nomm\xE9ment chaque personne acc\xE9dant au syst\xE8me et\
        \ distinguer les r\xF4les utilisateur/administrateur (renforc\xE9)"
      description: "D\xE8s que possible la journalisation li\xE9e aux comptes (ex\
        \ : relev\xE9 des connexions r\xE9ussies/\xE9chou\xE9es) doit \xEAtre activ\xE9\
        e."
      implementation_groups:
      - R
      translations:
        en:
          name: Identify each individual accessing the system by name and distinguish
            the user/administrator roles (strengthened)
          description: 'As soon as possible, the logging linked to accounts (e.g.:
            list of successful/failed connections) must be activated.'
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:9
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:iii
      ref_id: '9'
      name: "Attribuer les bons droits sur les ressources sensibles du syst\xE8me\
        \ d\u2019information"
      description: "Certaines des ressources du syst\xE8me peuvent constituer une\
        \ source d\u2019information pr\xE9cieuse aux yeux d\u2019un attaquant  (r\xE9\
        pertoires contenant des donn\xE9es sensibles, bases de donn\xE9es, bo\xEE\
        tes aux lettres \xE9lectroniques, etc.). Il est donc primordial d\u2019\xE9\
        tablir une liste pr\xE9cise de ces ressources et pour chacune d\u2019entre\
        \ elles :\n> de d\xE9finir quelle population peut y avoir acc\xE8s ;\n> de\
        \ contr\xF4ler strictement son acc\xE8s, en s\u2019assurant que les utilisateurs\
        \ sont authentifi\xE9s et font partie de la population cibl\xE9e ;\n> d\u2019\
        \xE9viter sa dispersion et sa duplication \xE0 des endroits non ma\xEEtris\xE9\
        s ou soumis \xE0 un contr\xF4le d\u2019acc\xE8s moins strict.\nPar exemple,\
        \ les r\xE9pertoires des administrateurs regroupant de nombreuses informations\
        \ sensibles doivent faire l\u2019objet d\u2019un contr\xF4le d\u2019acc\xE8\
        s pr\xE9cis. Il en va de m\xEAme pour les informations sensibles pr\xE9sentes\
        \ sur des partages r\xE9seau : exports de fichiers de configuration, documentation\
        \ technique du syst\xE8me d\u2019information, bases de donn\xE9es m\xE9tier,\
        \ etc. Une revue r\xE9guli\xE8re des droits d\u2019acc\xE8s doit par ailleurs\
        \ \xEAtre r\xE9alis\xE9e afin d\u2019identifier les acc\xE8s non autoris\xE9\
        s."
      implementation_groups:
      - S
      translations:
        en:
          name: "Allocate the appropriate rights to the information system\u2019s\
            \ sensitive resources"
          description: "Some of the system\u2019s resources can be a source of invaluable\
            \ information from the hacher\u2019s point of view (folders containing\
            \ sensitive data, databases, mailboxes, etc.). It is therefore essential\
            \ to establish an accurate list of these resources and for each of them:\n\
            > define which group can have access to them;\n> strictly control access,\
            \ by ensuring that users are authenticated and are part of the target\
            \ group;\n> avoid their circulation and duplication to uncontrolled areas\
            \ or areas subject to a less strict access control.\nFor example, the\
            \ folders of administrators bringing together various pieces of sensitive\
            \ information must be subject to specific access control. The same goes\
            \ for sensitive information present on network shares: exports of configuration\
            \ files, information system technical documentation, business databases,\
            \ etc.\nA regular review of the access rights must, moreover, be carried\
            \ out, in order to identify any unauthorised access"
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:10
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:iii
      ref_id: '10'
      name: "D\xE9finir et v\xE9rifier des r\xE8gles de choix et de dimensionnement\
        \ des mots de passe"
      description: "L\u2019ANSSI \xE9nonce un ensemble de r\xE8gles et de bonnes pratiques\
        \ en mati\xE8re de choix et de dimensionnement des mots de passe. Parmi les\
        \ plus critiques de ces r\xE8gles figure la sensibilisation des utilisateurs\
        \ aux risques li\xE9s au choix d\u2019un mot de passe qui serait trop facile\
        \ \xE0 deviner, ou encore la r\xE9utilisation de mots de passe d\u2019une\
        \ application \xE0 l\u2019autre et plus particuli\xE8rement entre messageries\
        \ personnelles et professionnelles.\nPour encadrer et v\xE9rifier l\u2019\
        application de ces r\xE8gles de choix et de dimensionnement, l\u2019entit\xE9\
        \ pourra recourir \xE0 diff\xE9rentes mesures parmi lesquelles :\n> le blocage\
        \ des comptes \xE0 l\u2019issue de plusieurs \xE9checs de connexion ;\n> la\
        \ d\xE9sactivation des options de connexion anonyme ;\n> l\u2019utilisation\
        \ d\u2019un outil d\u2019audit de la robustesse des mots de passe.\nEn amont\
        \ de telles proc\xE9dures, un effort de communication visant \xE0 expliquer\
        \ le sens de ces r\xE8gles et \xE9veiller les consciences sur leur importance\
        \ est fondamental."
      implementation_groups:
      - S
      translations:
        en:
          name: Set and verify rules for the choice and size of passwords
          description: 'ANSSI sets out a collection of rules and best practices in
            terms of the choice and size of passwords. The most critical one is to
            make users aware of the risks involved in choosing a password that is
            too easy to guess, and even the risks of reusing the same password from
            one application to another, especially for personal and professional mailboxes.

            To supervise and confirm that these choice and size rules are being applied,
            the organization may use different measures, including:

            > blocking accounts following several failed logins;

            > deactivating anonymous login options;

            > using a password robustness checking tool.

            In advance of such procedures, communication aiming to explain the reason
            for these rules and raise awareness of their importance is fundamental.'
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:11
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:iii
      ref_id: '11'
      name: "Prot\xE9ger les mots de passe stock\xE9s sur les syst\xE8mes"
      description: "La complexit\xE9, la diversit\xE9 ou encore l\u2019utilisation\
        \ peu fr\xE9quente de certains mots de passe, peuvent encourager leur stockage\
        \ sur un support physique\n(m\xE9mo, post-it) ou num\xE9rique (fichiers de\
        \ mots de passe, envoi par mail \xE0 soi-m\xEAme, recours aux boutons \xAB\
        \ Se souvenir du mot de passe \xBB) afin de pallier\ntout oubli ou perte.\n\
        Or, les mots de passe sont une cible privil\xE9gi\xE9e par les attaquants\
        \ d\xE9sireux d\u2019acc\xE9der au syst\xE8me, que cela fasse suite \xE0 un\
        \ vol ou \xE0 un \xE9ventuel partage du support de stockage. C\u2019est pourquoi\
        \ ils doivent imp\xE9rativement \xEAtre prot\xE9g\xE9s au moyen de solutions\
        \ s\xE9curis\xE9es au premier rang desquelles figurent l\u2019utilisation\
        \ d\u2019un coffre-fort num\xE9rique et le recours \xE0 des m\xE9canismes\
        \ de chiffrement.\nBien entendu, le choix d\u2019un mot de passe pour ce coffre-fort\
        \ num\xE9rique doit respecter les r\xE8gles \xE9nonc\xE9es pr\xE9c\xE9demment\
        \ et \xEAtre m\xE9moris\xE9 par l\u2019utilisateur, qui n\u2019a plus que\
        \ celui-ci \xE0 retenir."
      implementation_groups:
      - S
      translations:
        en:
          name: Protect passwords stored on systems
          description: 'The complexity, the diversity and even the infrequent use
            of some passwords may encourage their storage on a physical (memo or post-it)
            or digital (password files, sending an email to yourself, recourse to
            "Remember password" buttons) medium in the event a password is lost or
            forgotten.

            Yet passwords are a preferred target for hackers wanting to access the
            system, whether it is following a theft or the possible sharing of a storage
            medium. This is why they must be protected by secure solutions, the best
            of which are using a digital safe and using encryption mechanisms.

            Of course, the password chosen for this digital safe must respect the
            rules set out previously and be memorised by the user, who only has to
            remember this password.'
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:12
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:iii
      ref_id: '12'
      name: "Changer les \xE9l\xE9ments d\u2019authentification par d\xE9faut sur\
        \ les \xE9quipements et services"
      description: "Il est imp\xE9ratif de partir du principe que les configurations\
        \ par d\xE9faut des syst\xE8mes d\u2019information sont syst\xE9matiquement\
        \ connues des attaquants, quand bien m\xEAme celles-ci ne le sont pas du grand\
        \ public. Ces configurations se r\xE9v\xE8lent (trop) souvent triviales (mot\
        \ de passe identique \xE0 l\u2019identifiant, mal dimensionn\xE9 ou commun\
        \ \xE0 l\u2019ensemble des \xE9quipements et services par exemple) et sont,\
        \ la plupart du temps, faciles \xE0 obtenir pour des attaquants capables de\
        \ se faire passer pour un utilisateur l\xE9gitime.\nLes \xE9l\xE9ments d\u2019\
        authentification par d\xE9faut des composants du syst\xE8me doivent donc \xEA\
        tre modifi\xE9s d\xE8s leur installation et, s\u2019agissant de mots de passe,\
        \ \xEAtre conformes aux recommandations pr\xE9c\xE9dentes en mati\xE8re de\
        \ choix, de dimensionnement et de stockage.\nSi le changement d\u2019un identifiant\
        \ par d\xE9faut se r\xE9v\xE8le impossible pour cause, par exemple, de mot\
        \ de passe ou certificat  \xAB en dur \xBB dans un \xE9quipement, ce probl\xE8\
        me critique doit \xEAtre signal\xE9 au distributeur du produit afin que cette\
        \ vuln\xE9rabilit\xE9 soit corrig\xE9e au plus vite."
      implementation_groups:
      - S
      translations:
        en:
          name: Change the default authentication settings on devices and services
          description: 'It is essential to consider that the default settings of the
            information systems are known by the hackers, even if these are not known
            to the general public. These settings are (too) often trivial (password
            the same as the username, not long enough or common to all the devices
            and services for example) and are often easy to obtain by hackers capable
            of pretending to be a legitimate user.

            The default authentication settings of the components of the system must
            therefore be changed when they are set up and, in terms of passwords,
            be in accordance with the previous recommendations in terms of choice,
            size and storage.

            If changing a default password is impossible due, for example, to a password
            or certificate being "hardcoded" onto a device, this critical problem
            must be raised with the product supplier so that it can correct this vulnerability
            as fast as possible.'
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:12.r
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:iii
      ref_id: 12.R
      name: "Changer les \xE9l\xE9ments d\u2019authentification par d\xE9faut sur\
        \ les \xE9quipements et services (renforc\xE9)"
      description: "Afin de limiter les cons\xE9quences d\u2019une compromission,\
        \ il est par ailleurs essentiel, apr\xE8s changement des \xE9l\xE9ments d\u2019\
        authentification par d\xE9faut, de proc\xE9der \xE0 leur renouvellement r\xE9\
        gulier."
      implementation_groups:
      - R
      translations:
        en:
          name: Change the default authentication settings on devices and services
            (strengthened)
          description: In order to limit the consequences of a compromise, it is,
            moreover, essential, after changing the default authentication settings,
            to renew them regularly.
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:13
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:iii
      ref_id: '13'
      name: "Privil\xE9gier lorsque c\u2019est possible une authentification forte"
      description: "Il est vivement recommand\xE9 de mettre en \u0153uvre une authentification\
        \ forte n\xE9cessitant l\u2019utilisation de deux facteurs d\u2019authentification\
        \ diff\xE9rents parmi les suivants :\n> quelque chose que je sais (mot de\
        \ passe, trac\xE9 de d\xE9verrouillage, signature) ;\n> quelque chose que\
        \ je poss\xE8de (carte \xE0 puce, jeton USB, carte magn\xE9tique, RFID, un\
        \ t\xE9l\xE9phone pour recevoir un code SMS) ;\n> quelque chose que je suis\
        \ (une empreinte biom\xE9trique)."
      implementation_groups:
      - S
      translations:
        en:
          name: Prefer a two-factor authentication when possible
          description: 'The implementation of a two-factor authentication is strongly
            recommended, requiring the use of two different authentication factors
            from among the following:

            > something I know (password, unlock pattern, signature);

            > something I have (smart card, USB token, magnetic card, RFID, a phone
            to receive an SMS);

            > something I am (a digital fingerprint).'
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:13.r
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:iii
      ref_id: 13.R
      name: "Privil\xE9gier lorsque c\u2019est possible une authentification forte\
        \ (renforc\xE9)"
      description: "Les cartes \xE0 puces doivent \xEAtre privil\xE9gi\xE9es ou, \xE0\
        \ d\xE9faut, les m\xE9canismes de mots de passe \xE0 usage unique (ou One\
        \ Time Password) avec jeton physique. Les op\xE9rations cryptographiques mises\
        \ en place dans ces deux facteurs offrent g\xE9n\xE9ralement de bonnes garanties\
        \ de s\xE9curit\xE9.\nLes cartes \xE0 puce peuvent \xEAtre plus complexes\
        \ \xE0 mettre en place car n\xE9cessitant une infrastructure de gestion des\
        \ cl\xE9s adapt\xE9e. Elles pr\xE9sentent cependant l\u2019avantage d\u2019\
        \xEAtre r\xE9utilisables \xE0 plusieurs fins : chiffrement, authentification\
        \ de messagerie, authentification sur le poste de travail, etc."
      implementation_groups:
      - R
      translations:
        en:
          name: Prefer a two-factor authentication when possible (strengthened)
          description: 'Smart cards must be encouraged or, by default, one-time passwords
            with a physical token. Encryption operations implemented with two-factor
            authentication generally offer good security results.

            Smart cards can be more complex to implement as they require an adapted
            key management structure. However, they have the advantage of being re-usable
            for various purposes: encryption, message authentication, authentication
            on the workstation, etc.'
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:iv
      assessable: false
      depth: 1
      ref_id: IV
      name: "S\xE9curiser les postes"
      translations:
        en:
          name: Secure the devices
          description: null
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:14
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:iv
      ref_id: '14'
      name: "Mettre en place un niveau de s\xE9curit\xE9 minimal sur l\u2019ensemble\
        \ du parc informatique"
      description: "L\u2019utilisateur plus ou moins au fait des bonnes pratiques\
        \ de s\xE9curit\xE9 informatique est, dans de tr\xE8s nombreux cas, la premi\xE8\
        re porte d\u2019entr\xE9e des attaquants vers le syst\xE8me. Il est donc fondamental\
        \ de mettre en place un niveau de s\xE9curit\xE9 minimal sur l\u2019ensemble\
        \ du parc informatique de l\u2019entit\xE9 (postes utilisateurs, serveurs,\
        \ imprimantes, t\xE9l\xE9phones, p\xE9riph\xE9riques USB, etc.) en impl\xE9\
        mentant les mesures suivantes :\n> limiter les applications install\xE9es\
        \ et modules optionnels des navigateurs web aux seuls n\xE9cessaires ;\n>\
        \ doter les postes utilisateurs d\u2019un pare-feu local et d\u2019un anti-virus\
        \ (ceux-ci sont parfois inclus dans le syst\xE8me d\u2019exploitation) ;\n\
        > chiffrer les partitions o\xF9 sont stock\xE9es les donn\xE9es des utilisateurs\
        \ ; \n> d\xE9sactiver les ex\xE9cutions automatiques (autorun).\nEn cas de\
        \ d\xE9rogation n\xE9cessaire aux r\xE8gles de s\xE9curit\xE9 globales applicables\
        \ aux postes, ceux-ci doivent \xEAtre isol\xE9s du syst\xE8me (s\u2019il est\
        \ impossible de mettre \xE0 jour certaines applications pour des raisons de\
        \ compatibilit\xE9 par exemple)."
      implementation_groups:
      - S
      translations:
        en:
          name: Implement a minimum level of security across the whole IT stock
          description: "Depending on his level of IT security practices, the user,\
            \ a great deal of the time, is the first port of call for hackers trying\
            \ to enter the system. It is therefore fundamental to implement a minimum\
            \ level of security across the entire IT stock of the organization (user\
            \ devices, servers, printers, phones, USB peripherals, etc.) by implementing\
            \ the following measures:\n> limit the applications installed and optional\
            \ modules in web browsers to just what is required;\n> equip users\u2019\
            \ devices with an anti-virus and activate a local firewall (these are\
            \ often included in the operating system);\n> encrypt the partitions where\
            \ user data is stored;\n> deactivate automatic executions (autorun).\n\
            In the event of a necessary exception from the general security rules\
            \ applicable to devices, these devices must be isolated from the system\
            \ (if it is impossible to update certain applications for interoperability\
            \ reasons for example)."
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:14.r
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:iv
      ref_id: 14.R
      name: "Mettre en place un niveau de s\xE9curit\xE9 minimal sur l\u2019ensemble\
        \ du parc informatique (renforc\xE9)"
      description: "Les donn\xE9es vitales au bon fonctionnement de l\u2019entit\xE9\
        \ que d\xE9tiennent les postes utilisateurs et les serveurs doivent faire\
        \ l\u2019objet de sauvegardes r\xE9guli\xE8res et stock\xE9es sur des \xE9\
        quipements d\xE9connect\xE9s, et leur restauration doit \xEAtre v\xE9rifi\xE9\
        e de mani\xE8re p\xE9riodique. En effet, de plus en plus de petites structures\
        \ font l\u2019objet d\u2019attaques rendant ces donn\xE9es indisponibles (par\
        \ exemple pour exiger en contrepartie de leur restitution le versement d\u2019\
        une somme cons\xE9quente (ran\xE7ongiciel))."
      implementation_groups:
      - R
      translations:
        en:
          name: Implement a minimum level of security across the whole IT stock (strengthened)
          description: "Data vital to the proper business of the organization that\
            \ is held on users\u2019 devices and servers must be subject to regular\
            \ backups and stored on disconnected devices, and its restoration must\
            \ be tested periodically. An increasing number of small organisations\
            \ are subject to attacks which make their data unavailable (for example\
            \ demanding, in exchange for returning the data, the payment of a significant\
            \ amount of money (ransomware))."
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:15
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:iv
      ref_id: '15'
      name: "Se prot\xE9ger des menaces relatives \xE0 l\u2019utilisation de supports\
        \ amovibles"
      description: "Les supports amovibles peuvent \xEAtre utilis\xE9s afin de propager\
        \ des virus, voler des informations sensibles et strat\xE9giques ou encore\
        \ compromettre le r\xE9seau de l\u2019entit\xE9. De tels agissements peuvent\
        \ avoir des cons\xE9quences d\xE9sastreuses pour l\u2019activit\xE9 de la\
        \ structure cibl\xE9e.\nS\u2019il n\u2019est pas question d\u2019interdire\
        \ totalement l\u2019usage de supports amovibles au sein de l\u2019entit\xE9\
        , il est n\xE9anmoins n\xE9cessaire de traiter ces risques en identifiant\
        \ des mesures ad\xE9quates et en sensibilisant les utilisateurs aux risques\
        \ que ces supports peuvent v\xE9hiculer.\nIl convient notamment de proscrire\
        \ le branchement de cl\xE9s USB inconnues (ramass\xE9es dans un lieu public\
        \ par exemple) et de limiter au maximum celui de cl\xE9s non ma\xEEtris\xE9\
        es (dont on connait la provenance mais pas l\u2019int\xE9grit\xE9) sur le\
        \ syst\xE8me d\u2019information \xE0 moins, dans ce dernier cas, de faire\
        \ inspecter leur contenu par l\u2019antivirus du poste de travail."
      implementation_groups:
      - S
      translations:
        en:
          name: Protect against threats relating to the use of removable media
          description: "Removable media can be used to spread viruses, steal sensitive\
            \ and strategic information or even compromise the organization\u2019\
            s network. Such attacks can have disastrous consequences for the activity\
            \ of the organisation targeted.\nAlthough it is not a matter of completely\
            \ prohibiting the use of removable media within the organization, it is\
            \ nevertheless necessary to deal with these risks by identifying adequate\
            \ measures and by raising users\u2019 awareness to the risks that these\
            \ media can carry.\nIt is advisable to prohibit the connection of unknown\
            \ USB sticks (collected in a public area for example) and to reduce, as\
            \ much as possible, the use of uncontrolled sticks (the origin of which\
            \ is known but not the integrity) on the information system, or at least\
            \ have their content examined by the workstation\u2019s anti-virus."
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:15.r
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:iv
      ref_id: 15.R
      name: "Se prot\xE9ger des menaces relatives \xE0 l\u2019utilisation de supports\
        \ amovibles (renforc\xE9)"
      description: "Sur les postes utilisateur, il est recommand\xE9 d\u2019utiliser\
        \ des solutions permettant d\u2019interdire l\u2019ex\xE9cution de programmes\
        \ sur les p\xE9riph\xE9riques amovibles (par exemple Applocker sous Windows\
        \ ou des options de montage noexec sous Unix). \nLors de la fin de vie des\
        \ supports amovibles, il sera n\xE9cessaire d\u2019impl\xE9menter et de respecter\
        \ une proc\xE9dure de mise au rebut stricte pouvant aller jusqu\u2019\xE0\
        \ leur destruction s\xE9curis\xE9e afin de limiter la fuite d\u2019informations\
        \ sensibles."
      implementation_groups:
      - R
      translations:
        en:
          name: Protect against threats relating to the use of removable media (strengthened)
          description: "On user devices, using solutions able to block the execution\
            \ of programs on removable media (for example Applocker on Windows or\
            \ noexec assembly options on Unix) is recommended.\nAt the end of the\
            \ removable media\u2019s life span, it will be necessary to implement\
            \ and respect a strict disposal procedure which may extend to their secure\
            \ destruction, in order to limit the leaking of sensitive information."
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:16
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:iv
      ref_id: '16'
      name: "Utiliser un outil de gestion centralis\xE9e afin d\u2019homog\xE9n\xE9\
        iser les politiques de s\xE9curit\xE9"
      description: "La s\xE9curit\xE9 du syst\xE8me d\u2019information repose sur\
        \ la s\xE9curit\xE9 du maillon le plus faible. Il est donc n\xE9cessaire d\u2019\
        homog\xE9n\xE9iser la gestion des politiques de s\xE9curit\xE9 s\u2019appliquant\
        \ \xE0 l\u2019ensemble du parc informatique de l\u2019entit\xE9.\nL\u2019\
        application de ces politiques (gestion des mots de passe, restrictions de\
        \ connexions sur certains postes sensibles, configuration des navigateurs\
        \ Web, etc.) doit \xEAtre simple et rapide pour les administrateurs, en vue\
        \ notamment de faciliter la mise en \u0153uvre de contre-mesures en cas de\
        \ crise informatique.\nPour cela, l\u2019entit\xE9 pourra se doter d\u2019\
        un outil de gestion centralis\xE9e (par exemple Active Directory en environnement\
        \ Microsoft) auquel il s\u2019agit d\u2019inclure le plus grand nombre d\u2019\
        \xE9quipements informatiques possible. Les postes de travail et les serveurs\
        \ sont concern\xE9s par cette mesure qui n\xE9cessite \xE9ventuellement en\
        \ amont un travail d\u2019harmonisation des choix de mat\xE9riels et de syst\xE8\
        mes d\u2019exploitation.\nAinsi, des politiques de durcissement du syst\xE8\
        me d\u2019exploitation ou d\u2019applications pourront facilement s\u2019\
        appliquer depuis un point central tout en favorisant la r\xE9activit\xE9 attendue\
        \ en cas de besoin de reconfiguration."
      implementation_groups:
      - S
      translations:
        en:
          name: Use a centralised management tool to standardise security policies
          description: "The information system\u2019s security relies on the security\
            \ of the weakest link. It is therefore necessary to standardise the management\
            \ of security policies applying across the entire IT stock of the organization.\n\
            Applying these policies (managing passwords, restricting logins on certain\
            \ sensitive devices, configuring web browsers, etc.) must be simple and\
            \ quick for administrators, with a view to facilitate the implementation\
            \ of counter measures in the event of an IT crisis.\nTo do this, the organization\
            \ may deploy a centralised management tool (for example Active Directory\
            \ in the Microsoft environment) into which it is possible to include as\
            \ many IT devices as possible. Workstations and servers are concerned\
            \ by this measure, which may require upstream harmonization work in matter\
            \ of hardware and operating systems selection.\nTherefore, hardening policies\
            \ for the operating system or applications may easily be applied from\
            \ a central point while favouring the expected responsiveness in the event\
            \ reconfiguration is required."
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:17
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:iv
      ref_id: '17'
      name: Activer et configurer le pare-feu local des postes de travail
      description: "Apr\xE8s avoir r\xE9ussi \xE0 prendre le contr\xF4le d\u2019un\
        \ poste de travail (\xE0 cause, par exemple, d\u2019une vuln\xE9rabilit\xE9\
        \ pr\xE9sente dans le navigateur Internet), un attaquant cherchera souvent\
        \ \xE0 \xE9tendre son intrusion aux autres postes de travail pour, in fine,\
        \ acc\xE9der aux documents des utilisateurs.\nAfin de rendre plus difficile\
        \ ce d\xE9placement lat\xE9ral de l\u2019attaquant, il est n\xE9cessaire d\u2019\
        activer le pare-feu local des postes de travail au moyen de logiciels int\xE9\
        gr\xE9s (pare-feu local Windows) ou sp\xE9cialis\xE9s.\nLes flux de poste\
        \ \xE0 poste sont en effet tr\xE8s rares dans un r\xE9seau bureautique classique\
        \ : les fichiers sont stock\xE9s dans des serveurs de fichiers, les applications\
        \ accessibles sur des serveurs m\xE9tier, etc."
      implementation_groups:
      - S
      translations:
        en:
          name: Activate and configure the firewall on workstations
          description: "After having succeeded in taking control of a workstation\
            \ (due, for example, to a vulnerability of the web browser), a hacker\
            \ will often seek to spread his intrusion to other workstations and, ultimately,\
            \ access users\u2019 documents.\nIn order to make this sideways movement\
            \ from the hacker more difficult, it is necessary to activate the local\
            \ firewall of workstations thanks to built-in (local Windows firewall)\
            \ or specialised software.\nFlows from device to device are very rare\
            \ in a traditional office network: files are stored on file servers, applications\
            \ are accessible on business servers, etc."
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:17.r
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:iv
      ref_id: 17.R
      name: "Activer et configurer le pare-feu local des postes de travail (renforc\xE9\
        )"
      description: "Le filtrage le plus simple consiste \xE0 bloquer l\u2019acc\xE8\
        s aux ports d\u2019administration par d\xE9faut des postes de travail (ports\
        \ TCP 135, 445 et 3389 sous Windows, port TCP 22 sous Unix), except\xE9 depuis\
        \ les ressources explicitement identifi\xE9es (postes d\u2019administration\
        \ et d\u2019assistance utilisateur, \xE9ventuels serveurs de gestion requ\xE9\
        rant l\u2019acc\xE8s \xE0 des partages r\xE9seau sur les postes, etc.).\n\
        Une analyse des flux entrants utiles (administration, logiciels d\u2019infrastructure,\
        \ applications particuli\xE8res, etc.) doit \xEAtre men\xE9e pour d\xE9finir\
        \ la liste des autorisations \xE0 configurer. Il est pr\xE9f\xE9rable de bloquer\
        \ l\u2019ensemble des flux par d\xE9faut et de n\u2019autoriser que les services\
        \ n\xE9cessaires depuis les \xE9quipements correspondants (\xAB liste blanche\
        \ \xBB).\nLe pare-feu doit \xE9galement \xEAtre configur\xE9 pour journaliser\
        \ les flux bloqu\xE9s, et ainsi identifier les erreurs de configuration d\u2019\
        applications ou les tentatives d\u2019intrusion."
      implementation_groups:
      - R
      translations:
        en:
          name: Activate and configure the firewall on workstations (strengthened)
          description: "The most simple filter consists of blocking access by default\
            \ to administration ports from workstations (TCP 135, 445 and 3389 ports\
            \ in Windows, TCP 22 port in Unix), except from explicitly identified\
            \ resources (administration and user assistance devices, possible management\
            \ servers requiring access to network shares on devices, etc.).\nAn analysis\
            \ of useful incoming flows (administration, infrastructure software, particular\
            \ applications, etc.) must be carried out to define the list of authorisations\
            \ to configure. It is preferable to block all of the flows by default\
            \ and only authorise the necessary services from the corresponding devices\
            \ (\xABwhite list\xBB).\nThe firewall must also be configured to log the\
            \ blocked flows and therefore identify the application configuration errors\
            \ or intrusion attempts."
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:18
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:iv
      ref_id: '18'
      name: "Chiffrer les donn\xE9es sensibles transmises par voie Internet"
      description: "Internet est un r\xE9seau sur lequel il est quasi impossible d\u2019\
        obtenir des garanties sur le trajet que vont emprunter les donn\xE9es que\
        \ l\u2019on y envoie. Il est donc tout \xE0 fait possible qu\u2019un attaquant\
        \ se trouve sur le trajet de donn\xE9es transitant entre deux correspondants.\n\
        Toutes les donn\xE9es envoy\xE9es par courriel ou transmises au moyen d\u2019\
        outils d\u2019h\xE9bergement en ligne (Cloud) sont par cons\xE9quent vuln\xE9\
        rables. Il s\u2019agit donc de proc\xE9der \xE0 leur chiffrement syst\xE9\
        matique avant de les adresser \xE0 un correspondant ou de les h\xE9berger.\n\
        La transmission du secret (mot de passe, cl\xE9, etc.) permettant alors de\
        \ d\xE9chiffrer les donn\xE9es, si elle est n\xE9cessaire, doit \xEAtre effectu\xE9\
        e via un canal de confiance ou, \xE0 d\xE9faut, un canal distinct du canal\
        \ de transmission des donn\xE9es. Ainsi, si les donn\xE9es chiffr\xE9es sont\
        \ transmises par courriel, une remise en main propre du mot de passe ou, \xE0\
        \ d\xE9faut, par t\xE9l\xE9phone doit \xEAtre privil\xE9gi\xE9e."
      implementation_groups:
      - S
      translations:
        en:
          name: Encrypt sensitive data sent through the Internet
          description: 'The Internet is a network from which it is almost impossible
            to obtain guarantees as to the way that data will take when you send it
            through this me-

            dium. It is, therefore, entirely possible that a hacker will be on the
            pathway of data travelling between two correspondents.

            All the data sent by email or uploaded to online hosting tools (Cloud)
            is therefore vulnerable. Therefore, its systematic encryption must be
            undertaken before sending it to a correspondent or uploading it.

            Passing on confidential information (password, key, etc.) that is therefore
            able to decrypt data, if required, must be carried out by a trusted channel
            or, failing that, a different channel from the data transmission channel.
            Therefore, although the encrypted data is sent by mail, handing over the
            password by hand or, failing that, over the phone must be favoured.'
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:v
      assessable: false
      depth: 1
      ref_id: V
      name: "S\xE9curiser le r\xE9seau"
      translations:
        en:
          name: Secure the network
          description: null
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:19
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:v
      ref_id: '19'
      name: "Segmenter le r\xE9seau et mettre en place un cloisonnement entre ces\
        \ zones"
      description: "Lorsque le r\xE9seau est  \xAB \xE0 plat \xBB, sans aucun m\xE9\
        canisme de cloisonnement, chaque machine du r\xE9seau peut acc\xE9der \xE0\
        \ n\u2019importe quelle autre machine. La compromission de l\u2019une d\u2019\
        elles met alors en p\xE9ril l\u2019ensemble des machines connect\xE9es. Un\
        \ attaquant peut ainsi compromettre un poste utilisateur et ensuite \xAB rebondir\
        \ \xBB jusqu\u2019\xE0 des serveurs critiques.\nIl est donc important, d\xE8\
        s la conception de l\u2019architecture r\xE9seau, de raisonner par segmentation\
        \ en zones compos\xE9es de syst\xE8mes ayant des besoins de s\xE9curit\xE9\
        \ homog\xE8nes. On pourra par exemple regrouper distinctement des serveurs\
        \ d\u2019infrastructure, des serveurs m\xE9tiers, des postes de travail utilisateurs,\
        \ des postes de travail administrateurs, des postes de t\xE9l\xE9phonie sur\
        \ IP, etc.\nUne zone se caract\xE9rise alors par des VLAN et des sous-r\xE9\
        seaux IP d\xE9di\xE9s voire par des infrastructures d\xE9di\xE9es selon sa\
        \ criticit\xE9. Ainsi, des mesures de cloisonnement telles qu\u2019un filtrage\
        \ IP \xE0 l\u2019aide d\u2019un pare-feu peuvent \xEAtre mises en place entre\
        \ les diff\xE9rentes zones. On veillera en particulier \xE0 cloisonner autant\
        \ que possible les \xE9quipements et flux associ\xE9s aux t\xE2ches d\u2019\
        administration.\nPour les r\xE9seaux dont le cloisonnement a posteriori ne\
        \ serait pas ais\xE9, il est recommand\xE9 d\u2019int\xE9grer cette d\xE9\
        marche dans toute nouvelle extension du r\xE9seau ou \xE0 l\u2019occasion\
        \ d\u2019un renouvellement d\u2019\xE9quipements."
      implementation_groups:
      - S
      translations:
        en:
          name: Segment the network and implement a partitioning between these areas
          description: "When the network is \"flat\", without any partitioning mechanism,\
            \ each device in the network can access any other device. If one is compromised\
            \ all of the connected devices are therefore in jeopardy. A hacker can\
            \ therefore compromise a user\u2019s device and then, moving around from\
            \ device to device, find a way to critical servers.\nTherefore it is important,\
            \ from the network architecture\u2019s design, to work through segmentation\
            \ into areas made up of systems with uniform security needs. You may,\
            \ for example, separately group infrastructure servers, business servers,\
            \ user workstations, administrator workstations, IP phones, etc.\nOne\
            \ area is therefore characterised by dedicated VLANs and IP subnetworks\
            \ or even by infrastructures dedicated according to their criticality.\
            \ Therefore, partitioning measures such as an IP filter with the help\
            \ of a firewall can be implemented between the different areas. Specifically,\
            \ you will ensure that the devices and flows associated with administration\
            \ tasks are segregated as far as possible.\nFor networks for which subsequent\
            \ partitioning would not be easy, integrating this approach in any new\
            \ network extension or when devices are changed is recommended."
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:20
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:v
      ref_id: '20'
      name: "S'assurer de la s\xE9curit\xE9 des r\xE9seaux d'acc\xE8s Wi-Fi et de\
        \ la s\xE9paration des usages"
      description: "L\u2019usage du Wi-Fi en milieu professionnel est aujourd\u2019\
        hui d\xE9mocratis\xE9 mais pr\xE9sente toujours des risques de s\xE9curit\xE9\
        \ bien sp\xE9cifiques : faibles garanties en mati\xE8re de disponibilit\xE9\
        , pas de ma\xEEtrise de la zone de couverture pouvant mener \xE0 une attaque\
        \ hors du p\xE9rim\xE8tre g\xE9ographique de l\u2019entit\xE9, configuration\
        \ par d\xE9faut des points d\u2019acc\xE8s peu s\xE9curis\xE9e, etc.\nLa segmentation\
        \ de l\u2019architecture r\xE9seau doit permettre de limiter les cons\xE9\
        quences d\u2019une intrusion par voie radio \xE0 un p\xE9rim\xE8tre d\xE9\
        termin\xE9 du syst\xE8me d\u2019information. Les flux en provenance des postes\
        \ connect\xE9s au r\xE9seau d\u2019acc\xE8s Wi-Fi doivent donc \xEAtre filtr\xE9\
        s et restreints aux seuls flux n\xE9cessaires.\nDe plus, il est important\
        \ d\u2019avoir recours prioritairement \xE0 un chiffrement robuste (mode WPA2,\
        \ algorithme AES CCMP) et \xE0 une authentification centralis\xE9e, si possible\
        \ par certificats clients des machines.\nLa protection du r\xE9seau Wi-Fi\
        \ par un mot de passe unique et partag\xE9 est d\xE9conseill\xE9e. \xC0 d\xE9\
        faut, il doit \xEAtre complexe et son renouvellement pr\xE9vu mais il ne doit\
        \ en aucun cas \xEAtre diffus\xE9 \xE0 des tiers non autoris\xE9s.\nLes points\
        \ d\u2019acc\xE8s doivent par ailleurs \xEAtre administr\xE9s de mani\xE8\
        re s\xE9curis\xE9e (ex : interface d\xE9di\xE9e, modification du mot de passe\
        \ administrateur par d\xE9faut).\nEnfin, toute connexion Wi-Fi de terminaux\
        \ personnels ou visiteurs (ordinateurs portables, ordiphones) doit \xEAtre\
        \ s\xE9par\xE9e des connexions Wi-Fi des terminaux de l\u2019entit\xE9 (ex\
        \ : SSID et VLAN distincts, acc\xE8s Internet d\xE9di\xE9)."
      implementation_groups:
      - S
      translations:
        en:
          name: Ensure the security of Wi-Fi access networks and that uses are separated
          description: "The use of Wi-Fi in a professional environment is now widespread,\
            \ yet it still presents very specific security risks: poor guarantees\
            \ in terms of availability, no control over the coverage area which can\
            \ lead to an attack out of the geographical scope of the organization,\
            \ default configuration of access points that are not secure by design,\
            \ etc.\nThe network architecture segmentation must be able to limit the\
            \ consequences of intrusion by radio access up to a given perimeter of\
            \ the information system.\nThe flows coming from devices connected to\
            \ the Wi-Fi access network must therefore be filtered and restricted to\
            \ just the necessary flows.\nFurthermore, it is important to give priority\
            \ to the use of robust encryption (WPA2 mode, AES CCMP algorithm) and\
            \ centralised authentication, if possible through client certificates\
            \ for devices.\nProtecting the Wi-Fi network with a single and shared\
            \ password is not advisable. However, if this is inevitable, it must be\
            \ complex and its renewal must be planned, but under no circumstances\
            \ must be transmitted to unauthorized third parties.\nMoreover, access\
            \ points must be administrated in a secure way (e.g.: dedicated interface,\
            \ changing the default administrator password).\nFinally, all Wi-Fi connection\
            \ from staff or visitor terminals (laptops, smartphones) must be separate\
            \ from Wi-Fi connections from the organization\u2019s devices (e.g.: distinct\
            \ SSID and VLAN, dedicated internet access)."
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:21
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:v
      ref_id: '21'
      name: "Utiliser des protocoles r\xE9seaux s\xE9curis\xE9s d\xE8s qu'ils existent"
      description: "Si aujourd\u2019hui la s\xE9curit\xE9 n\u2019est plus optionnelle,\
        \ cela n\u2019a pas toujours \xE9t\xE9 le cas. C\u2019est pourquoi de nombreux\
        \ protocoles r\xE9seaux ont d\xFB \xE9voluer pour int\xE9grer cette composante\
        \ et r\xE9pondre aux besoins de confidentialit\xE9 et d\u2019int\xE9grit\xE9\
        \ qu\u2019impose l\u2019\xE9change de donn\xE9es. Les protocoles r\xE9seaux\
        \ s\xE9curis\xE9s doivent \xEAtre utilis\xE9s d\xE8s que possible, que ce\
        \ soit sur des r\xE9seaux publics (Internet par exemple) ou sur le r\xE9seau\
        \ interne de l\u2019entit\xE9.\nBien qu\u2019il soit difficile d\u2019en dresser\
        \ une liste exhaustive, les protocoles les plus courants reposent sur l\u2019\
        utilisation de TLS et sont souvent identifiables par l\u2019ajout de la lettre\
        \ \xAB s \xBB (pour secure en anglais) \xE0 l\u2019acronyme du protocole.\
        \ Citons par exemple hTTPS pour la navigation Web ou IMAPS, SMTPS ou POP3S\
        \ pour la messagerie.\nD\u2019autres protocoles ont \xE9t\xE9 con\xE7us de\
        \ mani\xE8re s\xE9curis\xE9e d\xE8s la conception pour se substituer \xE0\
        \ d\u2019anciens protocoles non s\xE9curis\xE9s. Citons par exemple SSh (Secure\
        \ SHell) venu remplacer les protocoles de communication historiques TELNET\
        \ et RLOGIN."
      implementation_groups:
      - S
      translations:
        en:
          name: Use secure network protocols when they exist
          description: "Although security is no longer optional today, this has not\
            \ always been the case. This is why numerous network protocols had to\
            \ evolve to integrate this component and respond to the confidentiality\
            \ and integrity requirements that exchanging data requires. Secure network\
            \ protocols must be used as soon as possible, whether on public networks\
            \ (the Internet for example) or on the organization\u2019s internal network.\n\
            Although it may be difficult to provide an exhaustive list, the most common\
            \ protocols rely on the use of TLS and are often identifiable by the addition\
            \ of the letter \"s\" (for secure) in the protocol acronym. As an example\
            \ HTTPS for web browsing or IMAPS, SMTPS or POP3S for email.\nOther protocols\
            \ were designed securely from their creation to replace prior, insecure\
            \ protocols. As an example SSH (Secure SHell) which came to replace the\
            \ TELNET and RLOGIN historic communication protocols.."
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:22
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:v
      ref_id: '22'
      name: "Mettre en place une passerelle d'acc\xE8s s\xE9curis\xE9 \xE0 Internet"
      description: "L\u2019acc\xE8s \xE0 Internet, devenu indispensable, pr\xE9sente\
        \ des risques importants : sites Web h\xE9bergeant du code malveillant, t\xE9\
        l\xE9chargement de fichiers \xAB toxiques \xBB et, par cons\xE9quent, possible\
        \ prise de contr\xF4le du terminal, fuite de donn\xE9es sensibles, etc. Pour\
        \ s\xE9curiser cet usage, il est donc indispensable que les terminaux utilisateurs\
        \ n\u2019aient pas d\u2019acc\xE8s r\xE9seau direct \xE0 Internet.\nC\u2019\
        est pourquoi il est recommand\xE9 de mettre en \u0153uvre une passerelle s\xE9\
        curis\xE9e d\u2019acc\xE8s \xE0 Internet comprenant au minimum un pare-feu\
        \ au plus pr\xE8s de l\u2019acc\xE8s Internet pour filtrer les connexions\
        \ et un serveur mandataire (proxy) embarquant diff\xE9rents m\xE9canismes\
        \ de s\xE9curit\xE9. Celui-ci assure notamment l\u2019authentification des\
        \ utilisateurs et la journalisation des requ\xEAtes."
      implementation_groups:
      - S
      translations:
        en:
          name: Implement a secure access gateway to the Internet
          description: "Implement a secure access gateway to the Internet : websites\
            \ hosting malware, the downloading of \"infected\" files and, consequently,\
            \ the possibility of devices being compromised, leaking of sensitive data,\
            \ etc. To secure this use, it is therefore essential that the users\u2019\
            \ devices do not have direct network access to the Internet.\nThis is\
            \ why it is advisable to implement a secure Internet access gateway, including,\
            \ as a minimum, a firewall as close to the Internet access as possible\
            \ to filter the connections and a proxy server with different security\
            \ mechanisms. This ensures users are authenticated and requests are logged."
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:22.r
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:v
      ref_id: 22.R
      name: "Mettre en place une passerelle d'acc\xE8s s\xE9curis\xE9 \xE0 Internet"
      description: "Des m\xE9canismes compl\xE9mentaires sur le serveur mandataire\
        \ pourront \xEAtre activ\xE9s selon les besoins de l\u2019entit\xE9 : analyse\
        \ antivirus du contenu, filtrage par cat\xE9gories d\u2019URLs, etc. Le maintien\
        \ en condition de s\xE9curit\xE9 des \xE9quipements de la passerelle est essentiel,\
        \ il fera donc l\u2019objet de proc\xE9dures \xE0 respecter. Suivant le nombre\
        \ de collaborateurs et le besoin de disponibilit\xE9,  ces \xE9quipements\
        \ pourront \xEAtre redond\xE9s. \nPar ailleurs, pour les terminaux utilisateurs,\
        \ les r\xE9solutions DNS en direct de noms de domaines publics seront par\
        \ d\xE9faut d\xE9sactiv\xE9es, celles-ci \xE9tant d\xE9l\xE9gu\xE9es au serveur\
        \ mandataire.\nEnfin, il est fortement recommand\xE9 que les postes nomades\
        \ \xE9tablissent au pr\xE9alable une connexion s\xE9curis\xE9e au syst\xE8\
        me d\u2019information de l\u2019entit\xE9 pour naviguer de mani\xE8re s\xE9\
        curis\xE9e sur le Web \xE0 travers la passerelle."
      implementation_groups:
      - R
      translations:
        en:
          name: Implement a secure access gateway to the Internet (strengthened)
          description: "Additional mechanisms on the proxy server may be activated\
            \ depending on the organization\u2019s needs: anti-virus analysis of the\
            \ content, filtering by URL categories, etc. Security maintenance of the\
            \ gateway\u2019s components is essential, it must therefore follow defined\
            \ procedures. Depending on the number of employees and the availability\
            \ requirement, these devices may be redundant.\nMoreover, for user devices,\
            \ the direct DNS resolutions of public domain names will be, by default,\
            \ deactivated, as they are delegated to the proxy server.\nLastly, it\
            \ is strongly recommended that mobile devices establish a prior secure\
            \ connection to the organization\u2019s information system to browse the\
            \ web securely through the gateway."
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:23
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:v
      ref_id: '23'
      name: "Cloisonner les services visibles depuis Internet du reste du syst\xE8\
        me d'information"
      description: "Une entit\xE9 peut choisir d\u2019h\xE9berger en interne des services\
        \ visibles sur Internet (site web, serveur de messagerie, etc.). Au regard\
        \ de l\u2019\xE9volution et du perfectionnement des cyberattaques sur Internet,\
        \ il est essentiel de garantir un haut niveau de protection de ce service\
        \ avec des administrateurs comp\xE9tents, form\xE9s de mani\xE8re continue\
        \ (\xE0 l\u2019\xE9tat de l\u2019art des technologies en la mati\xE8re) et\
        \ disponibles. Dans le cas contraire, le recours \xE0 un h\xE9bergement externalis\xE9\
        \ aupr\xE8s de professionnels est \xE0 privil\xE9gier.\nDe plus, les infrastructures\
        \ d\u2019h\xE9bergement Internet doivent \xEAtre physiquement cloisonn\xE9\
        es de toutes les infrastructures du syst\xE8me d\u2019information qui n\u2019\
        ont pas vocation \xE0 \xEAtre visibles depuis Internet.\nEnfin, il convient\
        \ de mettre en place une infrastructure d\u2019interconnexion de ces services\
        \ avec Internet permettant de filtrer les flux li\xE9s \xE0 ces services de\
        \ mani\xE8re distincte des autres flux de l\u2019entit\xE9. Il s\u2019agit\
        \ \xE9galement d\u2019imposer le passage des flux entrants par un serveur\
        \ mandataire inverse (reverse proxy) embarquant diff\xE9rents m\xE9canismes\
        \ de s\xE9curit\xE9."
      implementation_groups:
      - S
      translations:
        en:
          name: Segregate the services visible from the Internet from the rest of
            the information system
          description: 'An organization can choose to host internally services visible
            on the Internet (website, email server, etc.). In light of the development
            and improvement of cyberattacks online, it is essential to guarantee a
            high level of protection for this service with the competent administrators,
            available and continuously trained (up to date in terms of technology).
            Otherwise, recourse to outsourced hosting with professionals is to be
            favoured.

            Furthermore, the web hosting infrastructures must be physically segregated
            from all the information system infrastructure, which is not designed
            to be visible from the Internet.

            Lastly, it is advisable to implement an interconnection infrastructure
            for these services with the Internet, able to filter the flows linked
            to services differently from the other flows of the organization. It also
            concerns ensuring incoming flows go through a reverse proxy server with
            different security mechanisms.'
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:24
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:v
      ref_id: '24'
      name: "Prot\xE9ger sa messagerie professionnelle"
      description: "La messagerie est le principal vecteur d\u2019infection du poste\
        \ de travail, qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse de l\u2019ouverture de pi\xE8ces jointes\
        \ contenant un code malveillant ou du clic malencontreux sur un lien redirigeant\
        \ vers un site lui-m\xEAme malveillant.\nLes utilisateurs doivent \xEAtre\
        \ particuli\xE8rement sensibilis\xE9s \xE0 ce sujet : l\u2019exp\xE9diteur\
        \ est-il connu ? Une information de sa part est-elle attendue ? Le lien propos\xE9\
        \ est-il coh\xE9rent avec le sujet \xE9voqu\xE9 ? En cas de doute, une v\xE9\
        rification de l\u2019authenticit\xE9 du message par un autre canal (t\xE9\
        l\xE9phone, SMS, etc.) est n\xE9cessaire. \nPour se pr\xE9munir d\u2019escroqueries\
        \ (ex : demande de virement frauduleux \xE9manant vraisemblablement d\u2019\
        un dirigeant), des mesures organisationnelles doivent \xEAtre appliqu\xE9\
        es strictement.\nPar ailleurs, la redirection de messages professionnels vers\
        \ une messagerie personnelle est \xE0 proscrire car cela constitue une fuite\
        \ irr\xE9m\xE9diable d\u2019informations de l\u2019entit\xE9. Si n\xE9cessaire\
        \ des moyens ma\xEEtris\xE9s et s\xE9curis\xE9s pour l\u2019acc\xE8s distant\
        \ \xE0 la messagerie professionnelle doivent \xEAtre propos\xE9s. \nQue l\u2019\
        entit\xE9 h\xE9berge ou fasse h\xE9berger son syst\xE8me de messagerie, elle\
        \ doit s\u2019assurer :\n> de disposer d\u2019un syst\xE8me d\u2019analyse\
        \ antivirus en amont des bo\xEEtes aux lettres des utilisateurs pour pr\xE9\
        venir la r\xE9ception de fichiers infect\xE9s ;\n> de l\u2019activation du\
        \ chiffrement TLS des \xE9changes entre serveurs de messagerie (de l\u2019\
        entit\xE9 ou publics) ainsi qu\u2019entre les postes utilisateur et les serveurs\
        \ h\xE9bergeant les bo\xEEtes aux lettres."
      implementation_groups:
      - S
      translations:
        en:
          name: Protect your professional email
          description: 'Email is the main infection vector for a workstation, whether
            it is opening attachments containing malware or a misguided click on a
            link redirecting towards a site that is, itself, malicious.

            Users must be especially aware of this issue: is the sender known? Is
            information from him or her expected? Is the proposed link consistent
            with the subject mentioned? If any doubt, checking the message authenticity
            by another channel (telephone, SMS, etc.) is required.

            To protect against scams (e.g.: a fraudulent transfer request seeming
            to come from a manager), organisational measures must be strictly applied.

            Moreover, the redirection of professional messages to a personal email
            must be prohibited as it may constitute an irremediable information leak
            from the organization. If necessary, controlled and secure methods for
            remote access to professional email must be offered.

            Whether the organization hosts or has their email system hosted, it must
            ensure:

            > that it has an anti-virus analysis system upstream of the mailboxes
            of users to prevent the receipt of infected files;

            > that it has activated TLS encryption for exchanges between email servers
            (from the organization or public) as well as between the user devices
            and servers hosting the mailboxes.'
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:24.r
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:v
      ref_id: 24.R
      name: "Prot\xE9ger sa messagerie professionnelle"
      description: "Il est souhaitable de ne pas exposer directement les serveurs\
        \ de bo\xEEte aux lettres sur Internet. Dans ce cas, un serveur relai d\xE9\
        di\xE9 \xE0 l\u2019envoi et \xE0 la r\xE9ception des messages doit \xEAtre\
        \ mis en place en coupure d\u2019Internet.\nAlors que le spam - malveillant\
        \ ou non - constitue la majorit\xE9 des courriels \xE9chang\xE9s sur Internet,\
        \ le d\xE9ploiement d\u2019un service anti-spam doit permettre d\u2019\xE9\
        liminer cette source de risques.\nEnfin, l\u2019administrateur de messagerie\
        \ s\u2019assurera de la mise en place des m\xE9canismes de v\xE9rification\
        \ d\u2019authenticit\xE9 et de la bonne configuration des enregistrements\
        \ DNS publics li\xE9s \xE0 son infrastructure de messagerie (MX, SPF, DKIM,\
        \ DMARC)."
      implementation_groups:
      - R
      translations:
        en:
          name: Protect your professional email (strengthened)
          description: 'Not directly exposing the mailbox servers to the Internet
            is preferable. In this case, a relay server dedicated to send and receive
            messages must be implemented in case the Internet is cut off.

            While spam - whether malicious or not - accounts for the majority of email
            exchanges on the Internet, the deployment of an anti-spam service must
            be able to remove this source of risks.

            Finally, the email administrator will ensure the implementation of authenticity
            verification mechanisms and the correct configuration of public DNS records
            linked to its email infrastructure (MX, SPF, DKIM, DMARC).'
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:25
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:v
      ref_id: '25'
      name: "S\xE9curiser les interconnexions r\xE9seau d\xE9di\xE9es avec les partenaires"
      description: "Pour des besoins op\xE9rationnels, une entit\xE9 peut \xEAtre\
        \ amen\xE9e \xE0 \xE9tablir une interconnexion r\xE9seau d\xE9di\xE9e avec\
        \ un fournisseur ou un client (ex : infog\xE9rance, \xE9change de donn\xE9\
        es informatis\xE9es, flux mon\xE9tiques, etc.).\nCette interconnexion peut\
        \ se faire au travers d\u2019un lien sur le r\xE9seau priv\xE9 de l\u2019\
        entit\xE9 ou directement sur Internet. Dans le second cas, il convient d\u2019\
        \xE9tablir un tunnel site \xE0 site, de pr\xE9f\xE9rence IPsec, en respectant\
        \ les pr\xE9conisations de l\u2019ANSSI.\nLe partenaire \xE9tant consid\xE9\
        r\xE9 par d\xE9faut comme non s\xFBr, il est indispensable d\u2019effectuer\
        \ un filtrage IP \xE0 l\u2019aide d\u2019un pare-feu au plus pr\xE8s de l\u2019\
        entr\xE9e des flux sur le r\xE9seau de l\u2019entit\xE9. La matrice des flux\
        \ (entrants et sortants) devra \xEAtre r\xE9duite au juste besoin op\xE9rationnel,\
        \ maintenue dans le temps et la configuration des \xE9quipements devra y \xEA\
        tre conforme."
      implementation_groups:
      - S
      translations:
        en:
          name: Secure the dedicated network interconnections with partners
          description: "For operational needs, an organization can be required to\
            \ establish a dedicated network interconnection with a supplier or customer\
            \ (e.g.: managed services, electronic data interchange, financial flows,\
            \ etc.)\nThis interconnection can be done by a link to a private network\
            \ of the organization or directly online. In the latter case, it is advisable\
            \ to establish a site to site tunnel, ideally IPsec, adhering to ANSSI\u2019\
            s recommendations.\nThe partner is, by default, considered as unsafe,\
            \ so it is essential to carry out IP filtering with the assistance of\
            \ a firewall as close as possible to the flows\u2019 entrance into the\
            \ organization\u2019s network. The flow matrix (incoming and outgoing)\
            \ must be strictly reduced to the operational need, maintained over time\
            \ and the devices\u2019 configuration must be in accordance with it."
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:25.r
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:v
      ref_id: 25.R
      name: "S\xE9curiser les interconnexions r\xE9seau d\xE9di\xE9es avec les partenaires"
      description: "Pour des entit\xE9s ayant des besoins de s\xE9curit\xE9 plus exigeants,\
        \ il conviendra de s\u2019assurer que l\u2019\xE9quipement de filtrage IP\
        \ pour les connexions partenaires est d\xE9di\xE9 \xE0 cet usage. L\u2019\
        ajout d\u2019un \xE9quipement de d\xE9tection d\u2019intrusions peut \xE9\
        galement constituer une bonne pratique. \nPar ailleurs la connaissance d\u2019\
        un point de contact \xE0 jour chez le partenaire est n\xE9cessaire pour pouvoir\
        \ r\xE9agir en cas d\u2019incident de s\xE9curit\xE9."
      implementation_groups:
      - R
      translations:
        en:
          name: Secure the dedicated network interconnections with partners (strengthened)
          description: 'For organizations with more demanding security needs, it will
            be advisable to ensure that the IP filtering device for partner connections
            is dedicated to this use. The addition of an intrusion detection device
            may also be considered as a good practice.

            Moreover, knowing an up-to-date point of contact for the partner is necessary
            to be able to react in the event of a security incident.'
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:26
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:v
      ref_id: '26'
      name: "Contr\xF4ler et prot\xE9ger l'acc\xE8s aux salles serveurs et aux locaux\
        \ techniques"
      description: "Les m\xE9canismes de s\xE9curit\xE9 physique doivent faire partie\
        \ int\xE9grante de la s\xE9curit\xE9 des syst\xE8mes d\u2019information et\
        \ \xEAtre \xE0 l\u2019\xE9tat de l\u2019art afin de s\u2019assurer qu\u2019\
        ils ne puissent pas \xEAtre contourn\xE9s ais\xE9ment par un attaquant. Il\
        \ convient donc d\u2019identifier les mesures de s\xE9curit\xE9 physique ad\xE9\
        quates et de sensibiliser continuellement les utilisateurs aux risques engendr\xE9\
        s par le contournement des r\xE8gles.\nLes acc\xE8s aux salles serveurs et\
        \ aux locaux techniques doivent \xEAtre contr\xF4l\xE9s \xE0 l\u2019aide de\
        \ serrures ou de m\xE9canismes de contr\xF4le d\u2019acc\xE8s par badge. Les\
        \ acc\xE8s non accompagn\xE9s des prestataires ext\xE9rieurs aux salles serveurs\
        \ et aux locaux techniques sont \xE0 proscrire, sauf s\u2019il est possible\
        \ de tracer strictement les acc\xE8s et de limiter ces derniers en fonction\
        \ des plages horaires. Une revue des droits d\u2019acc\xE8s doit \xEAtre r\xE9\
        alis\xE9e r\xE9guli\xE8rement afin d\u2019identifier les acc\xE8s non autoris\xE9\
        s.\nLors du d\xE9part d\u2019un collaborateur ou d\u2019un changement de prestataire,\
        \ il est n\xE9cessaire de proc\xE9der au retrait des droits d\u2019acc\xE8\
        s ou au changement des codes d\u2019acc\xE8s.\nEnfin, les prises r\xE9seau\
        \ se trouvant dans des zones ouvertes au public (salle de r\xE9union, hall\
        \ d\u2019accueil, couloirs, placards, etc.) doivent \xEAtre restreintes ou\
        \ d\xE9sactiv\xE9es afin d\u2019emp\xEAcher un attaquant de gagner facilement\
        \ l\u2019acc\xE8s au r\xE9seau de l\u2019entreprise."
      implementation_groups:
      - S
      translations:
        en:
          name: Control and protect access to the server rooms and technical areas
          description: "Physical security mechanisms must be a key part of information\
            \ systems security and be up to date to ensure that they cannot be bypassed\
            \ easily by a hacker. It is, therefore, advisable to identify the suitable\
            \ physical security measures and to raise users\u2019 awareness continuously\
            \ of the risks caused by bypassing these rules.\nAccess to server rooms\
            \ and technical areas must be controlled with the assistance of locks\
            \ or access control mechanisms such as badges. The unaccompanied access\
            \ of external service providers to sever rooms and technical areas must\
            \ be prohibited, except if it is possible to strictly monitor the access\
            \ and limit it to given time intervals. A regular review of the access\
            \ rights must be carried out, in order to identify any unauthorised access.\n\
            When an employee leaves or there is a change of service provider, the\
            \ access rights must be withdrawn or the access codes changed.\nFinally,\
            \ the network sockets in areas open to the public (meeting room, reception\
            \ hall, corridors, etc.) must be restricted or deactivated in order to\
            \ stop a hacker easily gaining access to the company\u2019s network."
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:vi
      assessable: false
      depth: 1
      ref_id: VI
      name: "S\xE9curiser l'administration"
      translations:
        en:
          name: Secure administration
          description: null
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:27
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:vi
      ref_id: '27'
      name: "Interdire l\u2019acc\xE8s \xE0 Internet depuis les postes ou serveurs\
        \ utilis\xE9s pour l\u2019administration du syst\xE8me d\u2019information"
      description: "Un poste de travail ou un serveur utilis\xE9 pour les actions\
        \ d\u2019administration ne doit en aucun cas avoir acc\xE8s \xE0 Internet,\
        \ en raison des risques que la navigation Web (\xE0 travers des sites contenant\
        \ du code malveillant) et la messagerie (au travers de pi\xE8ces jointes potentiellement\
        \ v\xE9rol\xE9es) font peser sur son int\xE9grit\xE9.\nPour les autres usages\
        \ des administrateurs n\xE9cessitant Internet (consultation de documentation\
        \ en ligne, de leur messagerie, etc.), il est recommand\xE9 de mettre \xE0\
        \ leur disposition un poste de travail distinct. \xC0 d\xE9faut, l\u2019acc\xE8\
        s \xE0 une infrastructure virtualis\xE9e distante pour la bureautique depuis\
        \ un poste d\u2019administration est envisageable. La r\xE9ciproque consistant\
        \ \xE0 fournir un acc\xE8s distant \xE0 une infrastructure d\u2019administration\
        \ depuis un poste bureautique est d\xE9conseill\xE9e car elle peut mener \xE0\
        \ une \xE9l\xE9vation de privil\xE8ges en cas de r\xE9cup\xE9ration des authentifiants\
        \ d\u2019administration."
      implementation_groups:
      - S
      translations:
        en:
          name: Prohibit Internet access from devices or servers used by the information
            system administration
          description: 'A workstation or a server used for administration actions
            must, under no circumstances, have access to the Internet, due to the
            risks that web browsing (websites containing malware) and email (potentially
            infected attachments) bring to its integrity.

            For other administrator uses requiring the Internet (viewing documentation
            online, their email, etc.), it is advisable to provide them with a separate
            workstation. Failing this, access to a remote virtual infrastructure for
            office applications from an admin device is possible. The reverse, consisting
            of providing remote access to an admin infrastructure from an office device,
            is not advisable as it can lead to a privilege elevation in the event
            admin authenticators are recuperated.'
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:27.r
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:vi
      ref_id: 27.R
      name: "Interdire l\u2019acc\xE8s \xE0 Internet depuis les postes ou serveurs\
        \ utilis\xE9s pour l\u2019administration du syst\xE8me d\u2019information"
      description: "Concernant les mises \xE0 jour logicielles des \xE9quipements\
        \ administr\xE9s, elles doivent \xEAtre r\xE9cup\xE9r\xE9es depuis une source\
        \ s\xFBre (le site de l\u2019\xE9diteur par exemple), contr\xF4l\xE9es puis\
        \ transf\xE9r\xE9es sur le poste ou le serveur utilis\xE9 pour l\u2019administration\
        \ et non connect\xE9 \xE0 Internet. Ce transfert peut \xEAtre r\xE9alis\xE9\
        \ sur un support amovible d\xE9di\xE9. \nPour des entit\xE9s voulant automatiser\
        \ certaines t\xE2ches, la mise en place d\u2019une zone d\u2019\xE9changes\
        \ est conseill\xE9e. "
      implementation_groups:
      - R
      translations:
        en:
          name: Prohibit Internet access from devices or servers used by the information
            system administration (strengthened)
          description: 'Concerning software updates for administrated devices, they
            must be collected from a safe source (the site of the publisher for example),
            tested then transferred to a device or server used for administration
            and not connected to the Internet. This transfer can be carried out on
            a dedicated removable medium.

            For organizations wishing to automate certain tasks, the implementation
            of secure interchange area is advisable.'
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:28
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:vi
      ref_id: '28'
      name: "Utiliser un r\xE9seau d\xE9di\xE9 et cloisonn\xE9 pour l\u2019administration\
        \ du syst\xE8me d\u2019information"
      description: "Un r\xE9seau d\u2019administration interconnecte, entre autres,\
        \ les postes ou serveurs d\u2019administration et les interfaces d\u2019administration\
        \ des \xE9quipements. Dans la logique de segmentation du r\xE9seau global\
        \ de l\u2019entit\xE9, il est indispensable de cloisonner sp\xE9cifiquement\
        \ le r\xE9seau d\u2019administration, notamment vis-\xE0-vis du r\xE9seau\
        \ bureautique des utilisateurs, pour se pr\xE9munir de toute compromission\
        \ par rebond depuis un poste utilisateur vers une ressource d\u2019administration.\
        \ \nSelon les besoins de s\xE9curit\xE9 de l\u2019entit\xE9, il est recommand\xE9\
        \ :\n> (voir renforc\xE9)\n> \xE0 d\xE9faut, de mettre en \u0153uvre un cloisonnement\
        \ logique cryptographique reposant sur la mise en place de tunnels IPsec.\
        \ Ceci permet d\u2019assurer l\u2019int\xE9grit\xE9 et la confidentialit\xE9\
        \ des informations v\xE9hicul\xE9es sur le r\xE9seau d\u2019administration\
        \ vis-\xE0-vis du r\xE9seau bureautique des utilisateurs ;\n> au minimum,\
        \ de mettre en \u0153uvre un cloisonnement logique par VLAN. "
      implementation_groups:
      - S
      translations:
        en:
          name: Use a dedicated and separated network for information system administration
          description: "An administration network interconnects, among others, the\
            \ administration devices or servers and the device administration interfaces.\
            \ Within the logic of segmentation for the organization\u2019s global\
            \ network, it is essential to specifically segregate the administration\
            \ network from the user office network, to prevent any intrusion by redirection\
            \ from a user device to an administration resource.\nDepending on the\
            \ organization\u2019s security needs, it is advisable:\n> (see strengthened)\n\
            > failing this, to implement a logical cryptographic partitioning relying\
            \ on the implementation of IPsec tunnels. This allows for assurance over\
            \ the integrity and confidentiality of data carried in the administration\
            \ network over the user office network;\n> as a minimum, implement logical\
            \ partitioning using VLAN."
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:28.r
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:vi
      ref_id: 28.R
      name: "Utiliser un r\xE9seau d\xE9di\xE9 et cloisonn\xE9 pour l\u2019administration\
        \ du syst\xE8me d\u2019information"
      description: "Selon les besoins de s\xE9curit\xE9 de l\u2019entit\xE9, il est\
        \ recommand\xE9 :\n> de privil\xE9gier en premier lieu un cloisonnement physique\
        \ des r\xE9seaux d\xE8s que cela est possible, cette solution pouvant repr\xE9\
        senter des co\xFBts et un temps de d\xE9ploiement importants;"
      implementation_groups:
      - R
      translations:
        en:
          name: Use a dedicated and separated network for information system administration
            (strengthened)
          description: "Depending on the organization\u2019s security needs, it is\
            \ advisable:\n> to firstly favour a physical partitioning of networks\
            \ as soon as this is possible, as this solution can represent significant\
            \ costs and deployment time;"
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:29
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:vi
      ref_id: '29'
      name: "\_Limiter au strict besoin op\xE9rationnel les droits d\u2019administration\
        \ sur les postes de travail"
      description: "De nombreux utilisateurs, y compris au sommet des hi\xE9rarchies,\
        \ sont tent\xE9s de demander \xE0 leur service informatique de pouvoir disposer,\
        \ par analogie avec leur usage personnel, de privil\xE8ges plus importants\
        \ sur leurs postes de travail : installation de logiciels, configuration du\
        \ syst\xE8me, etc. Par d\xE9faut, il est recommand\xE9 qu\u2019un utilisateur\
        \ du SI, quelle que soit sa position hi\xE9rarchique et ses attributions,\
        \ ne dispose pas de privil\xE8ges d\u2019administration sur son poste de travail.\
        \ Cette mesure, apparemment contraignante, vise \xE0 limiter les cons\xE9\
        quences de l\u2019ex\xE9cution malencontreuse d\u2019un code malveillant.\
        \ La mise \xE0 disposition d\u2019un magasin \xE9toff\xE9 d\u2019applications\
        \ valid\xE9es par l\u2019entit\xE9 du point de vue de la s\xE9curit\xE9 permettra\
        \ de r\xE9pondre \xE0 la majorit\xE9 des besoins. \nPar cons\xE9quent, seuls\
        \ les administrateurs charg\xE9s de l\u2019administration des postes doivent\
        \ disposer de ces droits lors de leurs interventions. \nSi une d\xE9l\xE9\
        gation de privil\xE8ges sur un poste de travail est r\xE9ellement n\xE9cessaire\
        \ pour r\xE9pondre \xE0 un besoin ponctuel de l\u2019utilisateur, celle-ci\
        \ doit \xEAtre trac\xE9e, limit\xE9e dans le temps et retir\xE9e \xE0 \xE9\
        ch\xE9ance."
      implementation_groups:
      - S
      translations:
        en:
          name: Reduce administration rights on workstations to strictly operational
            needs
          description: 'Numerous users, including at the top management level, are
            tempted to ask their IT department to be able to provide them, in line
            with their personal use, with higher privileges on their workstations:
            installation of software, system configuration, etc. By default, it is
            recommended that an information system user, whatever his responsibility
            level and allocations, should not have administration privileges on his
            workstation. This measure, which appears restrictive, aims to limit the
            consequences of malicious executions from malware. The availability of
            a well-rounded application store, validated by the organization from the
            security point of view, will be able to respond to the majority of needs.

            Consequently, only administrators responsible for the administration of
            workstations must have these rights during their interventions.

            If delegating privileges to a workstation is really necessary to respond
            to a one-off need from the user, it must be monitored, for a limited time,
            and be withdrawn afterwards.'
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:vii
      assessable: false
      depth: 1
      ref_id: VII
      name: "G\xE9rer le nomadisme"
      translations:
        en:
          name: Manage mobile working
          description: null
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:30
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:vii
      ref_id: '30'
      name: " Prendre des mesures de s\xE9curisation physique des terminaux nomades"
      description: "Les terminaux nomades (ordinateurs portables, tablettes, ordiphones)\
        \ sont, par nature, expos\xE9s \xE0 la perte et au vol. Ils peuvent contenir\
        \ localement des informations sensibles pour l\u2019entit\xE9 et constituer\
        \ un point d\u2019entr\xE9e vers de plus amples ressources du syst\xE8me d\u2019\
        information. Au-del\xE0 de l\u2019application au minimum des politiques de\
        \ s\xE9curit\xE9 de l\u2019entit\xE9,  des mesures sp\xE9cifiques de s\xE9\
        curisation de ces \xE9quipements sont donc \xE0 pr\xE9voir. \nEn tout premier\
        \ lieu, les utilisateurs doivent \xEAtre sensibilis\xE9s pour augmenter leur\
        \ niveau de vigilance lors de leurs d\xE9placements et conserver leurs \xE9\
        quipements \xE0 port\xE9e de vue. N\u2019importe quelle entit\xE9, m\xEAme\
        \ de petite taille, peut \xEAtre victime d\u2019une attaque informatique.\
        \ D\xE8s lors, en mobilit\xE9, tout \xE9quipement devient une cible potentielle\
        \ voire privil\xE9gi\xE9e.\nIl est recommand\xE9 que les terminaux nomades\
        \ soient aussi banalis\xE9s que possible en \xE9vitant toute mention explicite\
        \ de l\u2019entit\xE9 d\u2019appartenance (par l\u2019apposition d\u2019un\
        \ autocollant aux couleurs de l\u2019entit\xE9 par exemple).\nPour \xE9viter\
        \ toute indiscr\xE9tion lors de d\xE9placements, notamment dans les transports\
        \ ou les lieux d\u2019attente, un filtre de confidentialit\xE9 doit \xEAtre\
        \ positionn\xE9 sur chaque \xE9cran."
      implementation_groups:
      - S
      translations:
        en:
          name: Take measures to physically secure mobile devices
          description: "Mobile devices (laptops, tablets and smartphones) are, naturally,\
            \ exposed to loss and theft. They may contain sensitive information for\
            \ the organization, locally, and constitute an entry point to wider resources\
            \ of the information system. Beyond the minimal application of the organization\u2019\
            s security policies, specific security measures for these devices must\
            \ therefore be provided.\nFirst and foremost, users\u2019 awareness must\
            \ be raised to increase their level of vigilance during their trips and\
            \ keep their devices within sight. Any organization, even a small sized\
            \ one, may be the victim of a cyberattack. Consequently, when mobile,\
            \ any device becomes a potential or even favoured target.\nIt is recommended\
            \ that mobile devices are as ordinary as possible, avoiding any explicit\
            \ mention of the organization they belong to (by displaying a sticker\
            \ with the colours of the organization for example).\nTo avoid any indiscretion\
            \ during journeys, especially on public transport or in waiting areas,\
            \ a privacy filter must be placed on each screen."
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:30.r
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:vii
      ref_id: 30.R
      name: " Prendre des mesures de s\xE9curisation physique des terminaux nomades"
      description: "Enfin, afin de rendre inutilisable le poste seul, l\u2019utilisation\
        \ d\u2019un support externe compl\xE9mentaire (carte \xE0 puce ou jeton USB\
        \ par exemple) pour conserver des secrets de d\xE9chiffrement ou d\u2019authentification\
        \ peut \xEAtre envisag\xE9e. Dans ce cas il doit \xEAtre conserv\xE9 \xE0\
        \ part. "
      implementation_groups:
      - R
      translations:
        en:
          name: Take measures to physically secure mobile devices (strengthened)
          description: Finally, in order to make the device on its own unusable, the
            use of an additional external media (smart card or USB token for example)
            to hold decryption or authentication secrets may be considered. In this
            case, it must be kept separate
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:31
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:vii
      ref_id: '31'
      name: "Chiffrer les donn\xE9es sensibles, en particulier sur le mat\xE9riel\
        \ potentiellement perdable"
      description: "Les d\xE9placements fr\xE9quents en contexte professionnel et\
        \ la miniaturisation du mat\xE9riel informatique conduisent souvent \xE0 la\
        \ perte ou au vol de celui-ci dans l\u2019espace public. Cela peut porter\
        \ atteinte aux donn\xE9es sensibles de l\u2019entit\xE9 qui y sont stock\xE9\
        es.\nIl faut donc ne stocker que des donn\xE9es pr\xE9alablement chiffr\xE9\
        es sur l\u2019ensemble des mat\xE9riels nomades (ordinateurs portables, ordiphones,\
        \ cl\xE9s USB, disques durs externes, etc.) afin de pr\xE9server leur confidentialit\xE9\
        . Seul un secret (mot de passe, carte \xE0 puce, code PIN, etc.) pourra permettre\
        \ \xE0 celui qui le poss\xE8de d\u2019acc\xE9der \xE0 ces donn\xE9es.\nUne\
        \ solution de chiffrement de partition, d\u2019archives ou de fichier peut\
        \ \xEAtre envisag\xE9e selon les besoins. L\xE0 encore, il est essentiel de\
        \ s\u2019assurer de l\u2019unicit\xE9 et de la robustesse du secret de d\xE9\
        chiffrement utilis\xE9.\nDans la mesure du possible, il est conseill\xE9 de\
        \ commencer par un chiffrement complet du disque avant d\u2019envisager le\
        \ chiffrement d\u2019archives ou de fichiers. En effet, ces derniers r\xE9\
        pondent \xE0 des besoins diff\xE9rents et peuvent potentiellement laisser\
        \ sur le support de stockage des informations non chiffr\xE9es (fichiers de\
        \ restauration de suite bureautique, par exemple)."
      implementation_groups:
      - S
      translations:
        en:
          name: Encrypt sensitive data, in particular on hardware that can potentially
            be lost
          description: 'Frequent journeys in a professional context and the miniaturisation
            of IT hardware often lead to their loss or theft in a public space. This
            may put the sensitive data of the organization which is stored on it at
            risk.

            Therefore, on all mobile hardware (laptops, smartphones, USB keys, external
            hard drives, etc.), only data that has already been encrypted must be
            stored, in order to maintain its confidentiality. Only confidential information
            (password, smart card, PIN code, etc.) will allow the person who has it
            to access this data.

            A partition, archive or file encryption solution may be considered depending
            on the needs. Here, once again, it is essential to ensure the uniqueness
            and robustness of the decryption method used.

            As far as possible, it is advisable to start by a complete disk encryption
            before considering archive and file encryption. These last two respond
            to different needs and can potentially leave the data storage medium unencrypted
            (backup files from office suites for example).'
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:32
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:vii
      ref_id: '32'
      name: "S\xE9curiser la connexion r\xE9seau des postes utilis\xE9s en situation\
        \ de nomadisme"
      description: "En situation de nomadisme, il n\u2019est pas rare qu\u2019un utilisateur\
        \ ait besoin de se connecter au syst\xE8me d\u2019information de l\u2019entit\xE9\
        . Il convient par cons\xE9quent de s\u2019assurer du caract\xE8re s\xE9curis\xE9\
        \ de cette connexion r\xE9seau \xE0 travers Internet. M\xEAme si la possibilit\xE9\
        \ d\u2019\xE9tablir des tunnels VPN SSL/TLS est aujourd\u2019hui courante,\
        \ il est fortement recommand\xE9 d\u2019\xE9tablir un tunnel VPN IPsec entre\
        \ le poste nomade et une passerelle VPN IPsec mise \xE0 disposition par l\u2019\
        entit\xE9.\nPour garantir un niveau de s\xE9curit\xE9 optimal, ce tunnel VPN\
        \ IPsec doit \xEAtre automatiquement \xE9tabli et ne pas \xEAtre d\xE9brayable\
        \ par l\u2019utilisateur, c\u2019est-\xE0-dire qu\u2019aucun flux ne doit\
        \ pouvoir \xEAtre transmis en dehors de ce tunnel.\nPour les besoins sp\xE9\
        cifiques d\u2019authentification aux portails captifs, l\u2019entit\xE9 peut\
        \ choisir de d\xE9roger \xE0 la connexion automatique en autorisant une connexion\
        \ \xE0 la demande ou maintenir cette recommandation en encourageant l\u2019\
        utilisateur \xE0 utiliser un partage de connexion sur un t\xE9l\xE9phone mobile\
        \ de confiance."
      implementation_groups:
      - S
      translations:
        en:
          name: Secure the network connection of devices used in a mobile working
            situation
          description: "In a mobile working situation, it is not uncommon for a user\
            \ to need to connect to the organization\u2019s information system. Consequently,\
            \ it is important to ensure this network connection is secure through\
            \ the Internet.\nEven if the option of establishing VPN SSL/TLS tunnels\
            \ is now common, the establishment of a VPN IPsec tunnel between the mobile\
            \ workstation and a VPN IPsec gateway, provided by the organization, is\
            \ strongly recommended.\nTo guarantee an optimal level of security, this\
            \ VPN IPsec tunnel must be automatically established and not removable\
            \ by the user, in other words no flow must be able to be sent outside\
            \ of this tunnel.\nFor specific authentication needs on captive portals,\
            \ the organization may choose to depart from automatic connection by authorising\
            \ a connection upon request, or keep this recommendation by encouraging\
            \ the user to use tethering on a trusted mobile phone."
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:32.r
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:vii
      ref_id: 32.R
      name: "S\xE9curiser la connexion r\xE9seau des postes utilis\xE9s en situation\
        \ de nomadisme"
      description: "Afin d\u2019\xE9viter toute r\xE9utilisation d\u2019authentifiants\
        \ depuis un poste vol\xE9 ou perdu (identifiant et mot de passe enregistr\xE9\
        s par exemple), il est pr\xE9f\xE9rable d\u2019avoir recours \xE0 une authentification\
        \ forte, par exemple avec un mot de passe et un certificat stock\xE9 sur un\
        \ support externe (carte \xE0 puce ou jeton USB) ou un m\xE9canisme de mot\
        \ de passe \xE0 usage unique (One Time Password). "
      implementation_groups:
      - R
      translations:
        en:
          name: Secure the network connection of devices used in a mobile working
            situation (strengthened)
          description: In order to avoid any reuse of authenticators from a stolen
            or lost device (saved username and password for example), it is preferable
            to use two-factor authentication, with a password and a certificate stored
            on an external medium (smart card or USB token) or a one-time password
            mechanism, for example.
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:33
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:vii
      ref_id: '33'
      name: " Adopter des politiques de s\xE9curit\xE9 d\xE9di\xE9es aux terminaux\
        \ mobiles"
      description: "Les ordiphones et tablettes font partie de notre quotidien personnel\
        \ et/ou professionnel. La premi\xE8re des recommandations consiste justement\
        \ \xE0 ne pas mutualiser les usages personnel et professionnel sur un seul\
        \ et m\xEAme terminal, par exemple en ne synchronisant pas simultan\xE9ment\
        \ comptes professionnel et personnel de messagerie, de r\xE9seaux sociaux,\
        \ d\u2019agendas, etc.\nLes terminaux, fournis par l\u2019entit\xE9 et utilis\xE9\
        s en contexte professionnel doivent faire l\u2019objet d\u2019une s\xE9curisation\
        \ \xE0 part enti\xE8re, d\xE8s lors qu\u2019ils se connectent au syst\xE8\
        me d\u2019information de l\u2019entit\xE9 ou qu\u2019ils contiennent des informations\
        \ professionnelles potentiellement sensibles (mails, fichiers partag\xE9s,\
        \ contacts, etc.). D\xE8s lors, l\u2019utilisation d\u2019une solution de\
        \ gestion centralis\xE9e des \xE9quipements mobiles est \xE0 privil\xE9gier.\
        \ Il sera notamment souhaitable de configurer de mani\xE8re homog\xE8ne les\
        \ politiques de s\xE9curit\xE9 inh\xE9rentes : moyen de d\xE9verrouillage\
        \ du terminal, limitation de l\u2019usage du magasin d\u2019applications \xE0\
        \ des applications valid\xE9es du point de vue de la s\xE9curit\xE9, etc.\
        \ \nDans le cas contraire, une configuration pr\xE9alable avant remise de\
        \ l\u2019\xE9quipement et une s\xE9ance de sensibilisation des utilisateurs\
        \ est souhaitable."
      implementation_groups:
      - S
      translations:
        en:
          name: Adopt security policies dedicated to mobile devices
          description: "Smartphones and tablets are a part of our daily personal and\
            \ professional lives. The first recommendation consists precisely of not\
            \ sharing personal and professional uses on the single and same device,\
            \ for example by not simultaneously synchronising professional and personal\
            \ email, social networks and calendar accounts, etc.\nThe devices, provided\
            \ by the organization and used in a professional context, must be subject\
            \ to a separate securing, as soon as they are connected to the organization\u2019\
            s information system or as soon as they contain potentially sensitive\
            \ professional information (mails, shared files, contacts, etc.). Consequently,\
            \ the use of a centralised management solution for mobile devices is to\
            \ be favoured. It will be desirable to uniformly configure the inherent\
            \ security policies: a method for unlocking the device, limiting the use\
            \ of the application store to validated applications from a security point\
            \ of view, etc.\nOtherwise, configuration prior to distribution of the\
            \ device and an awareness raising session with users is desirable."
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:33.r
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:vii
      ref_id: 33.R
      name: " Adopter des politiques de s\xE9curit\xE9 d\xE9di\xE9es aux terminaux\
        \ mobiles"
      description: "Entre autres usages potentiellement risqu\xE9s, celui d\u2019\
        un assistant vocal int\xE9gr\xE9 augmente sensiblement la surface d\u2019\
        attaque du terminal et des cas d\u2019attaque ont \xE9t\xE9 d\xE9montr\xE9\
        s. Pour ces raisons, il est donc d\xE9conseill\xE9."
      implementation_groups:
      - R
      translations:
        en:
          name: Adopt security policies dedicated to mobile devices (strengthened)
          description: "Among other potentially risks, using a built-in voice assistant\
            \ markedly increases the terminal\u2019s vulnerabilities to hacking and\
            \ incidents of hacks have been demonstrated. For these reasons, it is\
            \ therefore not advisable."
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:viii
      assessable: false
      depth: 1
      ref_id: VIII
      name: "Maintenir le syst\xE8me d'information \xE0 jour"
      translations:
        en:
          name: Keep the Information System up to date
          description: null
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:34
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:viii
      ref_id: '34'
      name: " D\xE9finir une politique de mise \xE0 jour des composants du syst\xE8\
        me d\u2019information"
      description: "De nouvelles failles sont r\xE9guli\xE8rement d\xE9couvertes au\
        \ c\u0153ur des syst\xE8mes et logiciels. Ces derni\xE8res sont autant de\
        \ portes d\u2019acc\xE8s qu\u2019un attaquant peut exploiter pour r\xE9ussir\
        \ son intrusion dans le syst\xE8me d\u2019information. Il est donc primordial\
        \ de s\u2019informer de l\u2019apparition de nouvelles vuln\xE9rabilit\xE9\
        s (CERTFR) et d\u2019appliquer les correctifs de s\xE9curit\xE9 sur l\u2019\
        ensemble des composants du syst\xE8me dans le mois qui suit leur publication\
        \ par l\u2019\xE9diteur. Une politique de mise \xE0 jour doit ainsi \xEAtre\
        \ d\xE9finie et d\xE9clin\xE9e en proc\xE9dures op\xE9rationnelles. \nCelles-ci\
        \ doivent notamment pr\xE9ciser :\n> la mani\xE8re dont l\u2019inventaire\
        \ des composants du syst\xE8me d\u2019information \nest r\xE9alis\xE9 ;\n\
        > les sources d\u2019information relatives \xE0 la publication des mises \xE0\
        \ jour ;\n> les outils pour d\xE9ployer les correctifs sur le parc (par exemple\
        \ WSUS pour les mises \xE0 jour des composants Microsoft, des outils gratuits\
        \ ou payants pour les composants tiers et autres syst\xE8mes d\u2019exploitation)\
        \ ;\n> l\u2019\xE9ventuelle qualification des correctifs et leur d\xE9ploiement\
        \ progressif sur le parc.\nLes composants obsol\xE8tes qui ne sont plus support\xE9\
        s par leurs fabricants doivent \xEAtre isol\xE9s du reste du syst\xE8me. Cette\
        \ recommandation s\u2019applique aussi bien au niveau r\xE9seau par un filtrage\
        \ strict des flux, qu\u2019au niveau des secrets d\u2019authentification qui\
        \ doivent \xEAtre d\xE9di\xE9s \xE0 ces syst\xE8mes. "
      implementation_groups:
      - S
      translations:
        en:
          name: Define an update policy for the components of the information system
          description: 'New flaws are regularly discovered at the heart of systems
            and software. These are generally access doors that a hacker can exploit
            for a successful intrusion into the information system. It is, therefore,
            vital to stay informed of new vulnerabilities (follow CERT- FR alerts)
            and to apply the corrective security actions over all of the components
            of the system within the month following their publication. An update
            policy must therefore be defined and be a part of operational procedures.

            These must specify:

            > the way in which the inventory of the information system components
            is carried out;

            > the sources of information relating to the publication of updates;

            > the tools to deploy the corrective actions over the stock (for examples
            WSUS for updates for Microsoft components, free or paid tools for third
            party components and other operating systems);

            > the possible qualification of corrective measure and their gradual deployement
            over the stock.

            The obsolete components which are no longer supported by their manufacturers
            must be isolated from the rest of the system. This recommendation applies
            as much on the network level, by strict filtering of flows, as it does
            as regards the authentication secrets which must be dedicated to these
            systems.'
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:35
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:viii
      ref_id: '35'
      name: "Anticiper la fin de la maintenance des logiciels et syst\xE8mes et limiter\
        \ les adh\xE9rences logicielles"
      description: "L\u2019utilisation d\u2019un syst\xE8me ou d\u2019un logiciel\
        \ obsol\xE8te augmente significativement les possibilit\xE9s d\u2019attaque\
        \ informatique. Les syst\xE8mes deviennent vuln\xE9rables d\xE8s lors que\
        \ les correctifs ne sont plus propos\xE9s. En effet, des outils malveillants\
        \ exploitant ces vuln\xE9rabilit\xE9s peuvent se diffuser rapidement sur Internet\
        \ alors m\xEAme que l\u2019\xE9diteur ne propose pas de correctif de s\xE9\
        curit\xE9. \nPour anticiper ces obsolescences, un certain nombre de pr\xE9\
        cautions existent :\n> \xE9tablir et tenir \xE0 jour un inventaire des syst\xE8\
        mes et applications du syst\xE8me d\u2019information ;\n> choisir des solutions\
        \ dont le support est assur\xE9 pour une dur\xE9e correspondant \xE0 leur\
        \ utilisation ;\n\t> \tassurer un suivi des mises \xE0 jour et des dates de\
        \ fin de support des logiciels ;\n> maintenir un parc logiciel homog\xE8ne\
        \ (la coexistence de versions diff\xE9rentes d\u2019un m\xEAme produit multiplie\
        \ les risques et complique le suivi) ;\n> limiter les adh\xE9rences logicielles,\
        \ c\u2019est-\xE0-dire les d\xE9pendances de fonctionnement d\u2019un logiciel\
        \ par rapport \xE0 un autre, en particulier lorsque le support de ce dernier\
        \ arrive \xE0 son terme ;\n> inclure dans les contrats avec les prestataires\
        \ et fournisseurs des clauses garantissant le suivi des correctifs de s\xE9\
        curit\xE9 et la gestion des obsolescences ;\n> identifier les d\xE9lais et\
        \ ressources n\xE9cessaires (mat\xE9rielles, humaines, budg\xE9taires) \xE0\
        \ la migration de chaque logiciel en fin de vie (tests de non-r\xE9gression,\
        \ proc\xE9dure de sauvegarde, proc\xE9dure de migration des donn\xE9es, etc.)."
      implementation_groups:
      - S
      translations:
        en:
          name: Anticipate the software and system end of life/maintenance and limit
            software reliance
          description: 'The use of an obsolete system or software package significantly
            increases the possibilities of a cyberattack. Systems become vulnerable
            when corrective measures are no longer proposed. Malicious tools exploiting
            these vulnerabilities can be spread quickly online while the publisher
            is not offering a security corrective measure.

            To anticipate obsolescence, a certain number of precautions exist:

            > establish an inventory of the information system applications and systems
            and keep it up to date;

            > choose solutions with support that is ensured for a time period corresponding
            to their use;

            > ensure monitoring of updates and end of support dates for software;

            > keep an homogeneous software stock (the co-existence of different versions
            of the same product increases the risks and makes monitoring more complicated);

            > reduce software reliance, in other words, dependency on the operating
            of a software package compared to another, in particular when its support
            comes to an end;

            > include in contracts with service providers and suppliers clauses guaranteeing
            the monitoring of corrective security measures and the management of obsolescence;

            > identify the time periods and resources necessary (material, human,
            budgetary) for the migration of each software package at the end of its
            life (non-regression tests, backup procedure, data migration procedure,
            etc.).'
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:ix
      assessable: false
      depth: 1
      ref_id: IX
      name: "Superviser, auditer, r\xE9agir"
      translations:
        en:
          name: Supervise, audit, react
          description: null
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:36
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:ix
      ref_id: '36'
      name: Activer et configurer les journaux des composants les plus importants
      description: "Disposer de journaux pertinents est n\xE9cessaire afin de pouvoir\
        \ d\xE9tecter d\u2019\xE9ventuels dysfonctionnements et tentatives d\u2019\
        acc\xE8s illicites aux composants du syst\xE8me d\u2019information.\nLa premi\xE8\
        re \xE9tape consiste \xE0 d\xE9terminer quels sont les composants critiques\
        \ du syst\xE8me d\u2019information. Il peut notamment s\u2019agir des \xE9\
        quipements r\xE9seau et de s\xE9curit\xE9, des serveurs critiques, des postes\
        \ de travail d\u2019utilisateurs sensibles, etc.\nPour chacun, il convient\
        \ d\u2019analyser la configuration des \xE9l\xE9ments journalis\xE9s (format,\
        \ fr\xE9quence de rotation des fichiers, taille maximale des fichiers journaux,\
        \ cat\xE9gories d\u2019\xE9v\xE8nements enregistr\xE9s, etc.) et de l\u2019\
        adapter en cons\xE9quence. Les \xE9v\xE8nements critiques pour la s\xE9curit\xE9\
        \ doivent \xEAtre journalis\xE9s et gard\xE9s pendant au moins un an (ou plus\
        \ en fonction des obligations l\xE9gales du secteur d\u2019activit\xE9s).\
        \ \nUne \xE9tude contextuelle du syst\xE8me d\u2019information doit \xEAtre\
        \ effectu\xE9e et les \xE9l\xE9ments suivants doivent \xEAtre journalis\xE9\
        s :\n> pare-feu : paquets bloqu\xE9s ;\n> syst\xE8mes et applications : authentifications\
        \ et autorisations (\xE9checs et succ\xE8s), arr\xEAts inopin\xE9s ;\n> services\
        \ : erreurs de protocoles (par exemples les erreurs 403, 404 et 500 pour les\
        \ services hTTP), tra\xE7abilit\xE9 des flux applicatifs aux interconnexions\
        \ (URL sur un relai hTTP, en-t\xEAtes des messages sur un relai SMTP, etc.)\
        \ ;\nAfin de pouvoir corr\xE9ler les \xE9v\xE8nements entre les diff\xE9rents\
        \ composants, leur source de synchronisation de temps (gr\xE2ce au protocole\
        \ NTP) doit \xEAtre identique."
      implementation_groups:
      - S
      translations:
        en:
          name: Activate and configure the most important component logs
          description: 'Having relevant logs is required in order to be able to detect
            possible malfunctions and illegal access attempts to the components of
            the information system.

            The first stage consists of determining what the critical components of
            the information system are. These may be network and security devices,
            critical servers, sensitive user workstations, etc.

            For each of these, it is advisable to analyse the configuration of logged
            elements (format, frequency of file rotation, maximum size of log files,
            event categories recorded, etc.) and to adapt it as a consequence. The
            critical events for security must be logged and saved for at least one
            year (or more, depending on the legal requirements of the business area).

            A contextual assessment of the information system must be carried out
            and the following elements must be logged:

            > firewall: packets blocked;

            > systems and applications: authentications and authorisations (failures
            and successes), unplanned downtime;

            > services: protocol errors (for example the errors 403, 404 and 500 for
            HTTP services), traceability of flows applicable to interconnections (URL
            on a HTTP relay, headers of messages on a SMTP relay, etc).

            In order to be able to correlate the events between the different components,
            their time synchronisation source (thanks to NTP protocol) must be identical.'
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:36.r
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:ix
      ref_id: 36.R
      name: "Activer et configurer les journaux des composants les plus importants\
        \ (renforc\xE9)"
      description: "Si toutes les actions pr\xE9c\xE9dentes ont \xE9t\xE9 mises en\
        \ \u0153uvre, une centralisation des journaux sur un dispositif d\xE9di\xE9\
        \ pourra \xEAtre envisag\xE9e. Cela permet de faciliter la recherche automatis\xE9\
        e d\u2019\xE9v\xE9nements suspects, d\u2019archiver les journaux sur une longue\
        \ dur\xE9e et d\u2019emp\xEAcher un attaquant d\u2019effacer d\u2019\xE9ventuelles\
        \ traces de son passage sur les \xE9quipements qu\u2019il a compromis. "
      implementation_groups:
      - R
      translations:
        en:
          name: Activate and configure the most important component logs (strengthened)
          description: If all the previous actions have been implemented, a centralisation
            of the logs through a dedicated measure will be able to be considered.
            This makes the automatic searching for suspect events easier, and allows
            for the archiving of logs over the long term, as well as stopping a hacker
            from deleting possible traces of their intrusion on the devices that he
            or she has compromised.
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:37
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:ix
      ref_id: '37'
      name: "D\xE9finir et appliquer une politique de sauvegarde des composants critiques"
      description: "Suite \xE0 un incident d\u2019exploitation ou en contexte de gestion\
        \ d\u2019une intrusion, la  disponibilit\xE9 de sauvegardes conserv\xE9es\
        \ en lieu s\xFBr est indispensable \xE0 la poursuite de l\u2019activit\xE9\
        . Il est donc fortement recommand\xE9 de formaliser une politique de sauvegarde\
        \ r\xE9guli\xE8rement mise \xE0 jour. Cette derni\xE8re a pour objectif de\
        \ d\xE9finir des exigences en mati\xE8re de sauvegarde de l\u2019information,\
        \ des logiciels et des syst\xE8mes. \nCette politique doit au moins int\xE9\
        grer les \xE9l\xE9ments suivants :\n> la liste des donn\xE9es jug\xE9es vitales\
        \ pour l\u2019organisme et les serveurs concern\xE9s ;\n> les diff\xE9rents\
        \ types de sauvegarde (par exemple le mode hors ligne) ;\n> la fr\xE9quence\
        \ des sauvegardes ;\n> la proc\xE9dure d\u2019administration et d\u2019ex\xE9\
        cution des sauvegardes ;\n> les informations de stockage et les restrictions\
        \ d\u2019acc\xE8s aux sauvegardes ;\n>  les proc\xE9dures de test de restauration\
        \ ;\n>  la destruction des supports ayant contenu les sauvegardes.\nLes tests\
        \ de restauration peuvent \xEAtre r\xE9alis\xE9s de plusieurs mani\xE8res\
        \ :\n> syst\xE9matique, par un ordonnanceur de t\xE2ches pour les applications\
        \ importantes ;\n>  ponctuelle, en cas d\u2019erreur sur les fichiers ;\n\
        > g\xE9n\xE9rale, pour une sauvegarde et restauration enti\xE8res du syst\xE8\
        me d\u2019information."
      implementation_groups:
      - S
      translations:
        en:
          name: Define and apply a backup policy for critical components
          description: 'Following an exploitation incident or in the context of managing
            an intrusion, the availability of backups, saved in a safe place, is essential
            to continue the activity. Formalising a regularly updated backup policy
            is therefore highly recommended. This aims to define the requirements
            in terms of backing up information, software and systems.

            This policy must, at least, integrate the following elements:

            > the list of data judged vital for the organization and the servers concerned;

            > the different types of backup (for example the offline mode);

            > the frequency of backups;

            > the administration and backup execution procedure;

            > the storage information and the access restrictions to backups;

            > the testing and restoration procedures;

            > the destruction of media that contained backups.

            The restoration tests may be carried out in several ways:

            > systematic, through a task scheduler for important applications;

            > one-off, in the event of an error in files;

            > general, for complete backup and restoration of the information system.'
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:37.r
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:ix
      ref_id: 37.R
      name: "D\xE9finir et appliquer une politique de sauvegarde des composants critiques\
        \ (renforc\xE9)"
      description: "Un fois cette politique de sauvegarde \xE9tablie, il est souhaitable\
        \ de planifier au moins une fois par an un exercice de restauration des donn\xE9\
        es et de conserver une trace technique des r\xE9sultats."
      implementation_groups:
      - R
      translations:
        en:
          name: Define and apply a backup policy for critical components (strengthened)
          description: null
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:38.r
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:ix
      ref_id: 38.R
      name: "Proc\xE9der \xE0 des contr\xF4les et audits de s\xE9curit\xE9 r\xE9guliers\
        \ puis appliquer les actions correctives associ\xE9es (renforc\xE9)"
      description: "La r\xE9alisation d\u2019audits r\xE9guliers (au moins une fois\
        \ par an) du syst\xE8me d\u2019information est essentielle car elle permet\
        \ d\u2019\xE9valuer concr\xE8tement l\u2019efficacit\xE9 des mesures mises\
        \ en \u0153uvre et leur maintien dans le temps. Ces contr\xF4les et audits\
        \ permettent \xE9galement de mesurer les \xE9carts pouvant persister entre\
        \ la r\xE8gle et la pratique. \nIls peuvent \xEAtre r\xE9alis\xE9s par d\u2019\
        \xE9ventuelles \xE9quipes d\u2019audit internes ou par des soci\xE9t\xE9s\
        \ externes sp\xE9cialis\xE9es. Selon le p\xE9rim\xE8tre \xE0 contr\xF4ler,\
        \ des audits techniques et/ou organisationnels seront effectu\xE9s par les\
        \ professionnels mobilis\xE9s. Ces audits sont d\u2019autant plus n\xE9cessaires\
        \ que l\u2019entit\xE9 doit \xEAtre conforme \xE0 des r\xE9glementations et\
        \ obligations l\xE9gales directement li\xE9es \xE0 ses activit\xE9s.\n\xC0\
        \ l\u2019issue de ces audits, des actions correctives doivent \xEAtre identifi\xE9\
        es, leur application planifi\xE9e et des points de suivi organis\xE9s \xE0\
        \ intervalles r\xE9guliers. Pour une plus grande efficacit\xE9, des indicateurs\
        \ sur l\u2019\xE9tat d\u2019avancement du plan d\u2019action pourront \xEA\
        tre int\xE9gr\xE9s dans un tableau de bord \xE0 l\u2019adresse de la direction.\
        \ \nSi les audits de s\xE9curit\xE9 participent \xE0 la s\xE9curit\xE9 du\
        \ syst\xE8me d\u2019information en permettant de mettre en \xE9vidence d\u2019\
        \xE9ventuelles vuln\xE9rabilit\xE9s, ils ne constituent jamais une preuve\
        \ de leur absence et ne dispensent donc pas d\u2019autres mesures de contr\xF4\
        le. "
      implementation_groups:
      - R
      translations:
        en:
          name: Undertake regular controls and security audits then apply the associated
            corrective actions (strengthened)
          description: 'Carrying out regular audits (at least once per year) of the
            information system is essential as this makes it possible to correctly
            assess the effectiveness of measures implemented and their maintenance
            over time. These controls and audits are also able to measure the gaps
            that may remain between the theory and the practice.

            They can be carried out by possible internal audit teams or by specialised
            external companies. Depending on the scope to test, technical and/or organisational
            audits will be carried out by the professionals called upon. These audits
            are especially necessary as the organization must comply with the regulations
            and legal obligations directly linked to its activities.

            Following these audits, corrective actions must be identified, their application
            planned and monitoring points organised at regular intervals. For higher
            efficiency, indicators on the state of progress of the action plan may
            be integrated into the overview for the management.

            Although security audits participate in the security of the information
            system by being able to show possible vulnerabilities, they are never
            proof of their absence and therefore do not negate the need for other
            control measures.'
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:39
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:ix
      ref_id: '39'
      name: "D\xE9signer un r\xE9f\xE9rent en s\xE9curit\xE9 des syst\xE8mes  d\u2019\
        information et le faire conna\xEEtre  aupr\xE8s du personnel"
      description: "Toute entit\xE9 doit disposer d\u2019un r\xE9f\xE9rent en s\xE9\
        curit\xE9 des syst\xE8mes d\u2019information qui sera soutenu par la direction\
        \ ou par une instance d\xE9cisionnelle sp\xE9cialis\xE9e selon le niveau de\
        \ maturit\xE9 de  la structure. \nCe r\xE9f\xE9rent devra \xEAtre connu de\
        \ tous les utilisateurs et sera le premier contact pour toutes les questions\
        \ relatives \xE0 la s\xE9curit\xE9 des syst\xE8mes d\u2019information :\n\
        >  d\xE9finition des r\xE8gles \xE0 appliquer selon le contexte ;\n>  v\xE9\
        rification de l\u2019application des r\xE8gles ;\n> sensibilisation des utilisateurs\
        \ et d\xE9finition d\u2019un plan de formation des acteurs informatiques ;\n\
        > centralisation et traitement des incidents de s\xE9curit\xE9 constat\xE9\
        s ou remont\xE9s par les utilisateurs.\nCe r\xE9f\xE9rent devra \xEAtre form\xE9\
        \ \xE0 la s\xE9curit\xE9 des syst\xE8mes d\u2019information et \xE0 la gestion\
        \ de crise.\nDans les entit\xE9s les plus importantes, ce correspondant peut\
        \ \xEAtre d\xE9sign\xE9 pour devenir le relais du RSSI. Il pourra par exemple\
        \ signaler les dol\xE9ances des utilisateurs et identifier les th\xE9matiques\
        \ \xE0 aborder dans le cadre des sensibilisations, permettant ainsi d\u2019\
        \xE9lever le niveau de s\xE9curit\xE9 du syst\xE8me d\u2019information au\
        \ sein de l\u2019organisme."
      implementation_groups:
      - S
      translations:
        en:
          name: Designate a point of contact in information system security and make
            sure staff are aware of him or her
          description: "All organizations must have a point of contact in information\
            \ system security who will be supported by the management or an executive\
            \ committee, depending on the maturity level of the organisation.\nThis\
            \ point of contact must be known to all the users and will be the first\
            \ person to call for all questions relating to information system security:\n\
            > defining the rules to apply according to the context;\n> verifying the\
            \ application of rules;\n> raising users\u2019 awareness and defining\
            \ a training plan for IT stakeholders;\n> centralising and dealing with\
            \ security incidents noticed or raised by users.\nThis point of contact\
            \ must be trained in information system security and crisis management.\n\
            In larger organizations, this correspondent can be designated to become\
            \ the CISO representative. He or she may, for example, raise users\u2019\
            \ grievances and identify the themes to deal with in the context of awareness\
            \ raising, therefore allowing the security level of the information system\
            \ to be raised within the organization."
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:40
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:ix
      ref_id: '40'
      name: "D\xE9finir une proc\xE9dure de gestion des incidents de s\xE9curit\xE9"
      description: "Le constat d\u2019un comportement inhabituel de la part d\u2019\
        un poste de travail ou d\u2019un serveur (connexion impossible, activit\xE9\
        \ importante, activit\xE9s inhabituelles, services ouverts non autoris\xE9\
        s, fichiers cr\xE9\xE9s, modifi\xE9s ou supprim\xE9s sans autorisation, multiples\
        \ alertes de l\u2019antivirus, etc.) peut alerter sur une \xE9ventuelle intrusion.\n\
        Une mauvaise r\xE9action en cas d\u2019incident de s\xE9curit\xE9 peut faire\
        \ empirer la situation et emp\xEAcher de traiter correctement le probl\xE8\
        me. Le bon r\xE9flexe est de d\xE9connecter la machine du r\xE9seau, pour\
        \ stopper l\u2019attaque. En revanche, il faut la maintenir sous tension et\
        \ ne pas la red\xE9marrer, pour ne pas perdre d\u2019informations utiles pour\
        \ l\u2019analyse de l\u2019attaque. Il faut ensuite pr\xE9venir la hi\xE9\
        rarchie, ainsi que le r\xE9f\xE9rent en s\xE9curit\xE9 des syst\xE8mes d\u2019\
        information.\nCelui-ci peut prendre contact avec un prestataire de r\xE9ponse\
        \ aux incidents de s\xE9curit\xE9 (PRIS) afin de faire r\xE9aliser les op\xE9\
        rations techniques n\xE9cessaires (copie physique du disque, analyse de la\
        \ m\xE9moire, des journaux et d\u2019\xE9ventuels codes malveillants, etc.)\
        \ et de d\xE9terminer si d\u2019autres \xE9l\xE9ments du syst\xE8me d\u2019\
        information ont \xE9t\xE9 compromis. Il s\u2019agira \xE9galement d\u2019\xE9\
        laborer la r\xE9ponse \xE0 apporter afin de supprimer d\u2019\xE9ventuels\
        \ codes malveillants et acc\xE8s dont disposerait l\u2019attaquant et de proc\xE9\
        der au changement des mots de passe compromis. Tout incident doit \xEAtre\
        \ consign\xE9 dans un registre centralis\xE9. Une plainte pourra \xE9galement\
        \ \xEAtre d\xE9pos\xE9e aupr\xE8s du service judiciaire comp\xE9tent."
      implementation_groups:
      - S
      translations:
        en:
          name: Define a security incident management procedure
          description: 'Noticing unusual behaviour from a workstation or a server
            (impossible connection, significant activity, unusual activity, unauthorised
            open services, files created, modified or deleted without authorisation,
            multiple anti-virus warnings, etc.) may be a warning of a possible intrusion.

            A bad reaction in the event of a security incident can make the situation
            worse and prevent the problem from being dealt properly. The right reaction
            is to disconnect the device from the network, to stop the attack. However,
            you must keep it powered and not restart it, so as to not lose useful
            information for analysing the attack. You must then alert the management,
            as well as the information system security point of contact.

            He or she may get in contact with the security incident response service
            providers (PRIS) in order to carry out the necessary technical operations
            (physically copying the disk, analysing the memory, logs and possible
            malware, etc.) and determine if other elements of the information system
            have been compromised. This will also concern coming up with a response
            to provide, in order to remove possible malware and the access that the
            hacker may have and to change compromised passwords. Any incident must
            be recorded in a centralised register. Charges may also be pressed with
            the competent legal service.'
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:x
      assessable: false
      depth: 1
      ref_id: X
      name: Pour aller plus loin
      translations:
        en:
          name: To go even further
          description: null
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:41.r
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:x
      ref_id: 41.R
      name: "Mener une analyse de risques formelle (renforc\xE9)"
      description: "Chaque entit\xE9 \xE9volue dans un environnement informationnel\
        \ complexe qui lui est propre. Aussi, toute prise de position ou plan d\u2019\
        action impliquant la s\xE9curit\xE9 du syst\xE8me d\u2019information doit\
        \ \xEAtre consid\xE9r\xE9 \xE0 la lumi\xE8re des risques pressentis par la\
        \ direction. En effet, qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse de mesures organisationnelles\
        \ ou techniques, leur mise en \u0153uvre repr\xE9sente un co\xFBt pour l\u2019\
        entit\xE9 qui n\xE9cessite de s\u2019assurer qu\u2019elles permettent de r\xE9\
        duire au bon niveau un risque identifi\xE9.\nDans les cas les plus sensibles,\
        \ l\u2019analyse de risque peut remettre en cause certains choix pass\xE9\
        s. Ce peut notamment \xEAtre le cas si la probabilit\xE9 d\u2019apparition\
        \ d\u2019un \xE9v\xE9nement et ses cons\xE9quences potentielles s\u2019av\xE8\
        rent critiques pour l\u2019entit\xE9 et qu\u2019il n\u2019existe aucune action\
        \ pr\xE9ventive pour le ma\xEEtriser.\nLa d\xE9marche recommand\xE9e consiste,\
        \ dans les grandes lignes, \xE0 d\xE9finir le contexte, appr\xE9cier les risques\
        \ et les traiter. L\u2019\xE9valuation de ces risques s\u2019op\xE8re g\xE9\
        n\xE9ralement selon deux axes : leur probabilit\xE9 d\u2019apparition et leur\
        \ gravit\xE9. S\u2019ensuit l\u2019\xE9laboration d\u2019un plan de traitement\
        \ du risque  \xE0 faire valider par une autorit\xE9 d\xE9sign\xE9e \xE0 plus\
        \ haut niveau.\nTrois types d\u2019approches peuvent \xEAtre envisag\xE9s\
        \ pour ma\xEEtriser les risques associ\xE9s \xE0 son syst\xE8me d\u2019information\
        \ :\n>  le recours aux bonnes pratiques de s\xE9curit\xE9 informatique ;\n\
        > une analyse de risques syst\xE9matique fond\xE9e sur les retours d\u2019\
        exp\xE9rience des utilisateurs ;\n>  une gestion structur\xE9e des risques\
        \ formalis\xE9e par une m\xE9thodologie d\xE9di\xE9e.\nDans ce dernier cas,\
        \ la m\xE9thode EBIOS r\xE9f\xE9renc\xE9e par l\u2019ANSSI est recommand\xE9\
        e. Elle permet d\u2019exprimer les besoins de s\xE9curit\xE9, d\u2019identifier\
        \ les objectifs de s\xE9curit\xE9 et de d\xE9terminer les exigences de s\xE9\
        curit\xE9."
      implementation_groups:
      - R
      translations:
        en:
          name: Carry out a formal risk assessment (strengthened)
          description: 'Each organization develops within a complex computing environment
            specific to itself. As such, any position taken or action plan involving
            the information system security must be considered in light of the risks
            foreseen by the management. Whether it is organisational or technical
            measures, their implementation represents a cost for the organization,
            which needs to ensure that they are able to reduce an identified risk
            to an acceptable level.

            In the most sensitive cases, the risk analysis may call into question
            certain previous choices. This may be the case if the probability of an
            event appearing and its potential consequences prove critical for the
            organization and there is no preventive action to control it.

            The recommended approach consists, in broad terms, of defining the context,
            assessing the risks and dealing with them. The risk assessment generally
            works by considering two areas: the likelihood and the impacts. This is
            then followed by the creation of a risk treatment plan to be validated
            by a designated authority at a higher level.

            Three kinds of approach can be considered to control the risks associated
            with the information system:

            > the recourse to best IT security practices;

            > a systematic risk analysis based on feedback from users;

            > a structured risk management formalised by a dedicated methodology.

            In this last case, the EBIOS method referenced by ANSSI is recommended.
            It is able to write down security needs, identify the security objectives
            and determine the security demands'
    - urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:42.r
      assessable: true
      depth: 2
      parent_urn: urn:intuitem:risk:req_node:anssi-guide-hygiene:x
      ref_id: 42.R
      name: "Privil\xE9gier l\u2019usage de produits et de services qualifi\xE9s par\
        \ l'ANSSI (renforc\xE9)"
      description: "La qualification prononc\xE9e par l\u2019ANSSI offre des garanties\
        \ de s\xE9curit\xE9 et de confiance aux acheteurs de solutions list\xE9es\
        \ dans les catalogues de produits et de prestataires de service qualifi\xE9\
        s que publie l\u2019agence.\nAu-del\xE0 des entit\xE9s soumises \xE0 r\xE9\
        glementation, l\u2019ANSSI encourage plus g\xE9n\xE9ralement l\u2019ensemble\
        \ des entreprises et administrations fran\xE7aises \xE0 utiliser des produits\
        \ qu\u2019elle qualifie, seul gage d\u2019une \xE9tude s\xE9rieuse et approfondie\
        \ du fonctionnement technique de la solution et de son \xE9cosyst\xE8me.\n\
        S\u2019agissant des prestataires de service qualifi\xE9s, ce label permet\
        \ de r\xE9pondre aux enjeux et projets de cybers\xE9curit\xE9 pour l\u2019\
        ensemble du tissu \xE9conomique fran\xE7ais que l\u2019ANSSI ne saurait adresser\
        \ seule. \xC9valu\xE9s sur des crit\xE8res techniques et organisationnels,\
        \ les prestataires qualifi\xE9s couvrent l\u2019essentiel des m\xE9tiers de\
        \ la s\xE9curit\xE9 des syst\xE8mes d\u2019information. Ainsi, en fonction\
        \ de ses besoins et du maillage national, une entit\xE9 pourra faire appel\
        \ \xE0 un Prestataire d\u2019audit de la s\xE9curit\xE9 des syst\xE8mes d\u2019\
        information (PASSI), un Prestataire de r\xE9ponse aux incidents de s\xE9curit\xE9\
        \ (PRIS), un Prestataire de d\xE9tection des incidents de s\xE9curit\xE9 (PDIS)\
        \ ou \xE0 un prestataire de service d\u2019informatique en nuage (SecNumCloud)."
      implementation_groups:
      - R
      translations:
        en:
          name: Favour the use of products and services qualified by ANSSI (strengthened)
          description: 'The qualification delivered by ANSSI offers security and trust
            guarantees to purchasers of solutions listed in the product catalogues
            and qualified service providers that the agency publishes.

            Beyond organizations subject to regulation, more generally ANSSI encourages
            all companies and French administrations to use products that it qualifies;
            the only proof of a serious and in depth study of the technical functioning
            of the solution and its ecosystem.

            In terms of qualified service providers, this certification is able to
            respond to the cybersecurity stakes and projects for the entirety of the
            French companies that ANSSI could not address on its own. Assessed on
            technical and organisational criteria, the qualified service providers
            cover the vast majority of the information system security jobs. Therefore,
            depending on its needs and the geographical position an organization will
            be able to call on an Information System Security Audit Service Provider
            (PASSI), a Security Incident Response Service Provider (PRIS), a Security
            Incident Detection Service Provider (PDIS) or a Cloud Computing Service
            Provider (SecNumCloud).'
